Download Database

Session 2
Databases
• Database Design Principles
• Querying and Reporting
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
1.
2.
List and describe the key characteristics of a
relational database.
Define the common user operations that can
be performed within a database
management system (DBMS).
3-2
Questions
1.
2.
What type of personal transaction
information do you maintain? For what
purposes? Do you use a computer to help
you?
What detailed transaction information would
a grocery store typically capture and store ?
3-3
INTRODUCTION
•
•
•
Businesses use many IT tools to manage and
organize information for many reasons
Online transaction processing (OLTP) –
computer systems used for gathering and
processing information and updating existing
information to reflect the processed
information
Online analytical processing (OLAP) –
manipulation of information to support
decision making
3-4
Information Captured by a Supermarket
OLTP
INTRODUCTION
 OLTP
 Supports
operational processing
 Sales orders, accounts receivable, etc
 Supported by operational databases & database
management systems
 OLAP
 Helps
build business intelligence
 Supported by data warehouses
3-6
Operational Databases
Source: Database Marketing Institute
OLTP, OLAP, and Business Intelligence
3-8
RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL
– collection of information that you
organize and access according to the logical
structure of the information
 Relational database – series of logically
related two-dimensional tables or files for
storing information
 Database
 Relation
= table = file
 Most popular database model
3-9
Database Characteristics
 Collections
of information
 Created with logical structures
 Include logical ties within the information
 Include built-in integrity constraints
 You
can’t enter “abcdefg” into a Phone Number
field
 You can’t enter “abcdefg” into a Price field
3-10
Database – Collection of Information
3-11
Database – Created with Logical Structures
dictionary – contains the logical structure
for the information in a database
 Data
Before you can enter information
into a database, you must define
the data dictionary for all the
tables and their fields. For
example, when you create the
Truck table, you must specify that
it will have three pieces of
information and that Date of
Purchase is a field in Date
format.
3-12
Database – Logical Ties within the
Information
key – field (or group of fields) that
uniquely describes each record
 Foreign key – primary key of one file that
appears in another file
 Primary
Customer Number
is the primary key
for Customer and
appears in Order as
a foreign key
3-13
Database – Logical Ties within the
Information
3-14
Database – Logical Ties within the
Information
 Customer
can place one or more orders.
 A truck can be used to deliver zero or more
orders.
 An employee can handle one or more orders.
 A product can be ordered zero or more
times.
3-15
Databases – Built-In Integrity Constraints
constraints – rules that help
ensure the quality of information
 Data dictionary, for example, defines type of
information – numeric, date, text, currency,
and so on.
 Foreign keys – common field found in two or
more tables which serves as a primary key in
one of those tables.
 Integrity
 E.G.,
a Customer Number in the Order Table
(where it is a foreign key) must also be present in
the Customer Table (where it is the primary key).
3-16
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TOOLS
management system (DBMS) –
helps you specify the logical requirements for
a database and access and use the
information in a database
 Data manipulation, data definition, data
administration.
 Database
3-17
Database Management Systems
DBMS refers to software used to create,
access and manipulate databases.
 Microsoft Access is a Database Management
System. Other examples are: DB2, Oracle
Database, Microsoft SQL Server, MYSQL

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TOOLS
3-19
Objects in a DBMS (e.g. Microsoft
Access)

Table


Query


Selecting and viewing records.
Form


Used for data storage.
Data input, display.
Report

Formatting, calculating, printing, summarizing
data.
Data manipulation using a DBMS
 You
can add, change, and delete information
in a database and query it to find valuable
information
 Users often interact with a database by
running queries against it, running reports, or
by updating data using forms
3-21
View
– allows you to see the contents of a
database file, make changes, and query it to
find information
 View
Binoculars
3-22
Query
A
query is a database object that retrieves
and processes your data, and then display the
results in a datasheet
Select query
 Retrieve
only the fields and records you want
 Filter the records according to your given
criteria
 Sort and group records
 Perform calculations
 Retrieve information from a single table or
from multiple tables
Forms
A
database
object that lets
you enter,
display and edit
the records in a
table.
Report Generator
generator – helps you quickly
define formats of reports and what
information you want to see in a report
 Report
3-26
Report Generator
3-27
PRACTICAL SESSION
 Using
Microsoft ACCESS:
 Explore
the structure of a marketing database.
 Enter new customers and sales orders into a
marketing database.
 Use views, report generators and queries on a
marketing database.
Adapted from:
 Haag,
Stephen, Cummings, Maeve (2010),
Management Information Systems for the
Information Age 8th ed, McGraw-Hill
International Edition