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HL Periodicity Trends of the periodic table Periodicity What are period 3 chlorides like? The start of period 3 makes giant ionic compounds. Al on makes molecular covalent. The ionic compounds are conductors, the Al compound is poor and the rest are nonconducting. Periodicity What happens when the period 3 chlorides react with water? The ionic compounds are hydrated. Aluminum becomes a complex ion (ligand). Si and P create HCl and phosphoric acid. Periodicity What does chlorine do in water? Chlorine creates HCl and HOCl. This is called disproportionation because Cl is oxidized and reduced. HOCl breaks down into HCl and oxygen. Periodicity What are the characteristics of the d-block elements? As the d-block fills, there are electrons available for other functions (create colors). The atomic radii are curious, also. Based on electron config. Periodicity What are the properties of d-blockers? They are: Conductive Solids Malleable Ductile Metal characteristics Periodicity Why do the oxidation numbers vary so much? They vary due to the d-sublevel electrons free to bond. Sc and Zn have only 1 oxidation state so are not real transition metals They all have 2 and 3 states and pyramid up to 7 at Mn Periodicity What are ligands? Ligands are complex ions formed by dative bonds (coordinate covalent) with an element with extra electron pairs. The coordination number tells the number of dative bonds and helps show shape. Periodicity Why do d-block elements create color? The electrons absorb light as it passes through.