Download Transition Metals - Danville Area Community College

Transition Metals
Chapter 24
Gemstones
The colors of _______ and
___________ are both due
to the presence of _______;
the difference lies in the
crystal hosting the ion.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Some Al3+ ions
in Al2O3 are
replaced by
Cr3+.
Some Al3+ ions
in Be3Al2(SiO3)6
are replaced
by Cr3+.
Properties and Electron Configuration of
Transition Metals
• The properties of the transition metals are
similar to each other.
– And very different from the properties of the main
group metals
– High ____________, high __________, moderate to very hard,
and very good ___________________
• The similarities in properties come from
similarities in _________________________;
they generally have ____ valence electrons.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atomic Size
• The atomic radii of all the
transition metals are very ______.
– Small __________ in size down
a column
• The ____ transition series
atoms are about the same
size as the _______.
– The ____________________
is the __________ in expected
_______________for the third
transition series atoms that
come after the lanthanides.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Complex Ions
• When a _______________ combines with
multiple ________________ or __________
molecules it makes a ________________.
• The attached ___________ or ________
molecules are called _____________.
• The charge on the complex ion can then be
___________________, depending on the
_________________________ attached.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Coordination Compounds
• When a complex ion combines with __________ to
make a _____________ it is called a
_____________________.
• The ____________is the ___________of the
metal.
• The ________________ is the number of ligands
bonded to the metal.
– ____________________
• Coordination numbers range from ______, with
the most common being _______.
CoCl3 • 6H2O = [Co(H2O)6]Cl3
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Coordination Compound
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Complex Ion Formation
• Complex ion formation is a type of
__________________________.
• A bond that forms when the _____________is
donated by _________ is called a
______________________.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ligands with Extra Teeth
• Some ligands can form more than one
coordinate covalent bond with the metal atom.
– Lone pairs on different atoms that are separated enough so
that both can bond to the metal
• A __________ is a complex ion containing a
________________.
– The ligand is called the ________________.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ligands
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
EDTA – A Polydentate Ligand
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Complex Ions with Polydentate Ligands
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Geometries in Complex Ions
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Naming Coordination Compounds
1.Determine the name of the _____________.
2.Determine the ___________ and list them in
_______________.
3.Determine the name of the _____________.
4.Name the complex ion by:
a) Naming each ligand alphabetically, adding a prefix in front of
each ligand to indicate the number found in the complex ion
b) Following with the name of the metal cation
5.Write the name of the cation followed by the
name of the anion.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Common Ligands
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Common Metals found in Anionic
Complex Ions
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sample Problems
• Name (a) [CrCl2(NH3)4]+ and (b) K[PtBrCl2NH3].
• Write the formula for (a) triamminechlorodinitritoO-platinum(IV) ion and (b) sodium hexanitrito-Ncobaltate(III).
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Biomolecules
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Applications of Coordination Compounds
• Extraction of metals from ores
– Silver and gold as cyanide complexes
– Nickel as Ni(CO)4(g)
• Use of chelating agents in
heavy metal poisoning
– EDTA for Pb poisoning
• Chemical analysis
– Qualitative analysis for metal ions
• Blue = CoSCN+
• Red = FeSCN2+
• Ni2+ and Pd2+ form insoluble colored precipitates with
dimethylglyoxime.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Applications of Coordination Compounds
• Commercial coloring agents
Prussian blue = mixture of hexacyanoFe(II) and Fe(III)
 Inks, blueprinting, cosmetics, paints
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_blue
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Applications of Coordination Compounds
• Biomolecules
Porphyrin ring
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copper(II) Porphyrin
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Applications of Coordination Compounds
• Biomolecules
Cytochrome C
Hemoglobin
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Applications of Coordination Compounds
• Biomolecules
Chlorophyll
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Applications of Coordination Compounds
• Carbonic anhydrase
– Catalyzes the reaction between water and CO2
– Contains tetrahedrally complexed Zn2+
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Applications of Coordination Compounds
• Drugs and therapeutic agents
– Cisplatin
• Anticancer drug
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.