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Transition Metals Chapter 24 Gemstones The colors of _______ and ___________ are both due to the presence of _______; the difference lies in the crystal hosting the ion. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Some Al3+ ions in Al2O3 are replaced by Cr3+. Some Al3+ ions in Be3Al2(SiO3)6 are replaced by Cr3+. Properties and Electron Configuration of Transition Metals • The properties of the transition metals are similar to each other. – And very different from the properties of the main group metals – High ____________, high __________, moderate to very hard, and very good ___________________ • The similarities in properties come from similarities in _________________________; they generally have ____ valence electrons. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Atomic Size • The atomic radii of all the transition metals are very ______. – Small __________ in size down a column • The ____ transition series atoms are about the same size as the _______. – The ____________________ is the __________ in expected _______________for the third transition series atoms that come after the lanthanides. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Complex Ions • When a _______________ combines with multiple ________________ or __________ molecules it makes a ________________. • The attached ___________ or ________ molecules are called _____________. • The charge on the complex ion can then be ___________________, depending on the _________________________ attached. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Coordination Compounds • When a complex ion combines with __________ to make a _____________ it is called a _____________________. • The ____________is the ___________of the metal. • The ________________ is the number of ligands bonded to the metal. – ____________________ • Coordination numbers range from ______, with the most common being _______. CoCl3 • 6H2O = [Co(H2O)6]Cl3 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Coordination Compound © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Complex Ion Formation • Complex ion formation is a type of __________________________. • A bond that forms when the _____________is donated by _________ is called a ______________________. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Ligands with Extra Teeth • Some ligands can form more than one coordinate covalent bond with the metal atom. – Lone pairs on different atoms that are separated enough so that both can bond to the metal • A __________ is a complex ion containing a ________________. – The ligand is called the ________________. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Ligands © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. EDTA – A Polydentate Ligand © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Complex Ions with Polydentate Ligands © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Geometries in Complex Ions © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Naming Coordination Compounds 1.Determine the name of the _____________. 2.Determine the ___________ and list them in _______________. 3.Determine the name of the _____________. 4.Name the complex ion by: a) Naming each ligand alphabetically, adding a prefix in front of each ligand to indicate the number found in the complex ion b) Following with the name of the metal cation 5.Write the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Common Ligands © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Common Metals found in Anionic Complex Ions © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sample Problems • Name (a) [CrCl2(NH3)4]+ and (b) K[PtBrCl2NH3]. • Write the formula for (a) triamminechlorodinitritoO-platinum(IV) ion and (b) sodium hexanitrito-Ncobaltate(III). © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Biomolecules © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications of Coordination Compounds • Extraction of metals from ores – Silver and gold as cyanide complexes – Nickel as Ni(CO)4(g) • Use of chelating agents in heavy metal poisoning – EDTA for Pb poisoning • Chemical analysis – Qualitative analysis for metal ions • Blue = CoSCN+ • Red = FeSCN2+ • Ni2+ and Pd2+ form insoluble colored precipitates with dimethylglyoxime. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications of Coordination Compounds • Commercial coloring agents Prussian blue = mixture of hexacyanoFe(II) and Fe(III) Inks, blueprinting, cosmetics, paints http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_blue © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications of Coordination Compounds • Biomolecules Porphyrin ring © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copper(II) Porphyrin © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications of Coordination Compounds • Biomolecules Cytochrome C Hemoglobin © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications of Coordination Compounds • Biomolecules Chlorophyll © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications of Coordination Compounds • Carbonic anhydrase – Catalyzes the reaction between water and CO2 – Contains tetrahedrally complexed Zn2+ © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications of Coordination Compounds • Drugs and therapeutic agents – Cisplatin • Anticancer drug © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.