Download Kingdom: Viruses

Kingdom: Viruses
Biology 11
G. Burgess
2009
What’s a virus
 Complex molecules made of a
protective protein coat that
either covers a RNA or DNA
segment.
 They are not ‘living’ yet are
able to reproduce
 They must interact with a
living cell in order to generate
new viral complexes
Structure of a virus
Protein Coat
Protein attachment sites
RNA segments
•Every fall/winter we are infected with the flu virus.
•As the virus is transferred from one host to another,
the RNA is changed by our own cells.
•The proteins on the outside of the virus allow it to
attach to proteins on our cell membranes. Once
attached, the virus is able to release its RNA into our
cells to take control of ribosomes and make copies of
itself.
Classification of Viruses
 Viruses are first classified by their
host
 Viruses infect all living organisms from
monera to fungi to animalia.
MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
 They are also classified by their
biochemical make up and structure
GENOMIC CLASSIFICATION
The Baltimore Classification
System
 Classifies viruses into seven groups by comparing
their nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), strandedness
(single-stranded or double-stranded), and method
of replication.
 Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses
 Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses
 Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses
 Group IV: positive-sense single-stranded RNA
viruses
 Group V: negative-sense single-stranded RNA
viruses
 Group VI: reverse transcribing Diploid singlestranded RNA viruses
 Group VII: reverse transcribing Circular doublestranded DNA viruses
DNA viruses
 Group 1
 Double
stranded DNA
 ie.
Herpesviridae
(herpes)
Poxviridae
(small pox)
 Group 2
 Single strand
DNA
 ie.
Parvovirus
Human Papilloma virus
Gynecological tests check for signs of this
cervical cancer causing virus.
RNA viruses
 Group 3
 Double strand
RNA
 Ie. Rotaviruses
 Group 4
 Positive-sense
single RNA
strand
 ie. SARS virus,
rubella virus,
polio, HIV
 Group 5
 Negativesense single
RNA strand
 ie. Measles,
mumps, rabis
RNA
Small pox, Variola virus
Life Cycle of a virus
 2 parts; lytic and lysogenic cycle
 Lytic cycle:
 Virus identifies and infects a host cell
 Virus takes control of cell’s organelles
(namely the ribosomes) and self
replicates using the materials within
the cell.
 Once new viruses are generated, the
virus causes the host cell to
lysis(break open) and release the
newly created viruses.
Functioning Cycle of a virus
 Lysogenic Cycle:
 Viral DNA may infect the host cell’s
DNA. This is called a provirus.
 Proviruses do not allow other viruses
to infect the cell
 They may carry on normal everyday
activities of the cell or cause changes
in the cell or organism over time.
 These viruses are stimulated by
environmental factors causing the
production of new viruses and the lysis
of the host cell.
Questions
 Pp. 338 #1-8
Text: Biology 11, Nelson, 2002.
Bibliography




Biology Living Systems, Glencoe, 1994.
Virus Types, http://www.mansfield.ohiostate.edu/~sabedon/biol3025.htm, S.Abedon, accessed Nov.8,
2006
ManBir Online, http://manbir-online.com/index.htm, accessed
Nov.8,2006.
ICTVdB, http://phene.cpmc.columbia.edu/, Dr.C.Büchen-Osmond,
accessed Nov.8, 2006.