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Emergence of Modern Science The Cell How did life begin? What is a cell, and why is it so important to life? Is a virus alive? How are living organisms organized? What are tissues, organs, and organ systems? Cell Theory Leeuwenhoek Hooke Schleiden and Schwann All living things are composed of cells The cell is the fundamental unit of life All cells arise from previous cells Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Archaea Bacteria Eukaryotes Protista Plants Animals The World of Prokaryotes Aerobes Anaerobes Facultative anaerobes Obligate anaerobes Extremophiles Monera Bacteria Archaea (eubacteria) (archaebacteria) Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Bacterial Diversity Proteobacteria Alpha Proteobacteria Beta Proteobacteria Gamma Protobacteria Delta Protobacteria Epsilon Protobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram-Positive Bacteria Cyanobacteria Prokaryotic Cells Size Shape Cocci Bacilli Spirilla spirochetes Nutrition Photoautotrophs cyanobacteria Chemoautotrophs Nitrogen Fixation Methanogens Sulfur reducing Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs Saprophytes parasites Eukaryotes Protists Plants Fungi Animals Plant Cell Animal Cell Cell Membranes Phospholipid Bilayer Cell Nucleus Chromosomes Eukaryotes Nucleolus Prokaryotes Plasmids Organelles Chloroplasts Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Vacuoles and Vesicles Water Vacuoles Food Vacuoles Vesicles Lysosomes Cellular Metabolism Photosynthesis Respiration Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Cellular Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis Development Quiz 1. T or F, prokaryotes lack organelles. 2. T or F, the cell membrane is semi-permeable. 3. T or F, the mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. 4. T or F, Meiosis forms gametes. 5. T or F, the blastula is the 4 cell stage of development. Organismal Biology Stimulus, response. Stimulus, response. Don’t you ever think? What is Functional Biology Anatomy Physiology Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nervous Tissue Muscle Tissue Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nervous Tisue Muscular Tissue Organ Systems Thoracic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Mesenteries BioPhysics Physical Chemistry Surface Area Force and Motion Gravity Body size Homeostasis Positive Feedback Negative Feedback Body Fluids Metabolism Energy Budgets Animal Nutrition Nutrients Caloric Needs Essential Nutrients Essential Amino Acids Essential Fatty Acids Vitamins and Minerals Homeostasis Essential Amino Acids Feeding Mechanisms Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Suspension Feeders Substrate Feeders Deposit Feeders Fluid Feeders Bulk Feeders Food Processing Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination Comparative Anatomy Absorption of Nutrients Enzymes Carbohydrate Digestion Protein Digestion Nucleic Acid Digestion Fat Digestion Digestion Absorption of Nutrients Water Adaptations Teeth Symbiotes Ruminants Quiz 1. T or F, a tissue is comprised of specialized cells. 2. T or F, your skin is the largest organ of your body. 3. T or F, homeostasis occurs when the body is fighting disease. 4. T or F, herbivores eat only meat. 5. T or F, enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions.