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Reproduction Asexual Reproduction – Asexual Reproduction- Process by which a SINGLE organism produces offspring that have the same genetic material. – Binary Fission- asexual reproduction that occurs in single celled organisms in which genetic material is copied and one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. EX: Bacteria reproduce this way, and Yeast Asexual Reproduction • Binary Fission • Budding- an organism grows a part of of its main body and this new growth eventually breaks off to become a new organism. Ex: Hydra (simple animal similar to jelly fish) Asexual Reproduction • Binary Fission • Budding • Fragmentation- Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from a fragment of the parent. Each fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual. Ex: Starfish, and some fungi. Fruiting body Mycelium What are three types of Asexual reproduction? Sexual Reproduction • Sexual Reproduction- Type of reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells combine to form new offspring with genetic material from both parents. ***Offspring has genetic material from each parent which creates- Offspring is NOT identical to parent! - Mating type (N) + Mating type (N) Advantages of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Asexual Don’t have to find a mate Faster Able to produce more offspring (larger populations) Sexual Genetic Variation Disadvantages of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Asexual No genetic variation! Sexual Must find a mate Takes longer Reproduce less often (smaller populations) Cell Division Ever think about how things grow? • • • • How do your fingernails grow? How does your hair grow longer? How does a flower get taller? How does the mycelium of a fungus reach farther? Where does this new material come from? Cell Division • Cell division is a process by which a cell divides into two or more cells, called daughter cells. • Your body is constantly making new cells to replace old ones! Cell Division A. Mitosis- Division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes. – – Chromosome- organized structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division Homologous chromosomes- chromosomes with matching information. The result is two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes Homologous chromosomes • Cells must copy the genetic information in the nucleus before it divides into two nuclei. • Therefore you have homologous chromosomes! (two chromosomes with matching information.) Remember: DNA is found in the nucleus. It is organized into a chromosome before it is copied. Mitosis The result is two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes Plants grow from the tips out by constantly making new cells! Meiosis is the division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives half a set of genetic information. Meiosis results in the production of egg or sperm cells. Meiosis is the production of sex cells. Meiosis reduces the amount of chromosomes in half Half the number of chromosomes = haploid cells or sex cells The result of meiosis is 4 haploid cells or sex cells Male sex cells = sperm Female sex cells = egg Cell Division