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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA -- Introduction (Click here) Cells! Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ The Animal Cell The Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif Prokaryotic Cells NO NUCLEUS!!! First cell type on earth Example: Bacteria! Eukaryotic Have a NUCLEUS and membrane-bound organelles---include most living things Plant http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html Animal Cells Smallest living unit Most are microscopic Principles of Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell 3. All cells arise from preexisting cells Discovery of Cells Robert “cells” Hooke (1665)- coined the word Observed sliver of cork Saw “row of empty boxes” He named these empty boxes CELLS! Cell theory (1839)Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden “ all (living things) are made of cells” -Schwann (animal); Schleiden (plants) (50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow “all cells come from cells” The Microscope Microbe Man! Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) Introduced the world to microbes. Observed tiny organisms in pond water. Made books with sketches and descriptions Built over 200 microscopes! (Hans and Janssen invented it though in the 1590’s) What might the function of this cell be? Cell Membrane Function: controls what goes in and out of the cell. Analogy: like a bouncer at a club because a bouncer controls who can come in. Cytoplasm Function: a jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place Analogy: like a jello fruit cup because the jello holds the fruit in place just like the cytoplasm does for the organelles! Nucleus Function: controls the cell’s activities Analogy: like a mayor because a mayor controls what goes on in a city. Ribosome Function: Makes proteins Analogy: like Kentucky Fried Chicken because KFC makes protein (chicken)! Lysosome Function: the cells stomach; breaks down food and cell parts Analogy: like a car crusher because car crushers breaks down cars OR like a stomach Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: moves proteins around the cell *Rough ER: Has ribosomes on it! *Smooth ER: No ribosomes. Analogy: it’s like a train because trains move things from place to place or like UPS Golgi Apparatus Function: storing & packing proteins Analogy: like a packer because a packer will pack up your things and store them in a safe place. Chromosomes Function: contains genetic DNA that is passed on Analogy: like a drivers license or social security card because they both carry important information about you! Mitochondria Function: Provides energy. Powerhouse of the cell!!! Analogy: like a power plant because it gives energy to the rest of the cell. Choloroplast Function: takes solar energy ad turns it into chemical energy Analogy: like a solar panel because a solar panel takes solar energy and turns it into electrical energy. Cell Wall Function: supports and protects cell; in plants only Freely permeable *Why is the cell wall important? Vacuole Function: Store nutrients and water Analogy: like a water balloon because it can hold water until you need to use it! Plant Cell Animal Cell Large Vacuole—PLANTS ONLY! Cytoskeleton Function: Provides shape and support for the cell. It’s the ‘skeleton’. Analogy: It’s like our skeleton because our skeleton gives us support and shape. Flagella / Cilia Function: cell movement. Flagella Cilia on a Paramecium Interactive cells! http://learn.genetic s.utah.edu/content /begin/cells/inside acell/