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Cells!
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
The Animal Cell
The Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Prokaryotic Cells
NO NUCLEUS!!!
 First cell type on earth
 Example: Bacteria!

Eukaryotic

Have a NUCLEUS and membrane-bound
organelles---include most living things
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
Cells
Smallest
living unit
Most are microscopic
Principles of Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of cells
2. Smallest living unit of structure and
function of all organisms is the cell
3. All cells arise from preexisting cells
Discovery of Cells
 Robert
“cells”
Hooke (1665)- coined the word
Observed sliver of cork
 Saw “row of empty boxes”
 He named these empty boxes CELLS!

Cell theory

(1839)Theodor Schwann & Matthias
Schleiden
“ all (living things) are made of cells”
-Schwann (animal); Schleiden (plants)

(50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow
“all cells come from cells”
The Microscope Microbe Man!

Anton van Leeuwenhoek
(1674)

Introduced the world to
microbes. Observed tiny
organisms in pond water.

Made books with sketches
and descriptions

Built over 200 microscopes!
(Hans and Janssen invented
it though in the 1590’s)
Cell Membrane
Function: controls
what goes in and
out of the cell.
Analogy: like a
bouncer at a club
because a bouncer
controls who can
come in.
In BOTH plant and
animal!!
Cytoplasm
Function: a jelly-like
substance that
holds organelles in
place
Analogy: like a jello
fruit cup because
the jello holds the
fruit in place just
like the cytoplasm
does for the
organelles!
In BOTH**
Nucleus

Function: controls
the cell’s activities
 Analogy: like a
president because a
president controls
what goes on in a
country.
 Both
Ribosome
Function: Makes
proteins
Analogy: like Kentucky
Fried Chicken
because KFC makes
protein (chicken)!
BBoth
Lysosome
Function: the cells
stomach; breaks
down food and cell
parts
Analogy: like a car
crusher because car
crushers breaks
down cars OR like a
stomach
Only in Animal Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function: moves
proteins around the
cell
 *Rough ER: Has
ribosomes on it!
 *Smooth ER: No
ribosomes.
Analogy: it’s like a train
because trains move
things from place to
place or like UPS
**In BOTH
Golgi Apparatus
Function: storing &
packing proteins
Analogy: like a packer
because a packer
will pack up your
things and store
them in a safe place.
**In Both
Chromosomes

Function: contains
genetic DNA that is
passed on
 Analogy: like a
drivers license or
social security card
because they both
carry important
information about
you!
 In Both
Mitochondria
Function: Provides
energy.
Powerhouse of the
cell!!!
Analogy: like a
power plant
because it gives
energy to the rest
of the cell.
**Both**
Choloroplast

Function: takes solar
energy ad turns it into
chemical energy
 Analogy: like a solar
panel because a solar
panel takes solar
energy and turns it into
electrical energy.
 ONLY IN PLANTS!
Cell Wall
Function: supports
and protects cell; in
plants only
Freely permeable
*Why is the cell wall
important?
* Only in plants
Vacuole

Function: Store
nutrients and water

Analogy: like a water
balloon because it
can hold water until
you need to use it!
**In Both but a LARGE
vacuole is ONLY in
plants
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Large Vacuole—PLANTS ONLY!
Cytoskeleton
Function:
Provides shape
and support for
the cell. It’s the
‘skeleton’.
 Analogy: It’s like
our skeleton
because our
skeleton gives us
support and
shape. ***Both***

Flagella / Cilia
Function: cell
movement.
*In Animal and
prokaryotic cells*
Flagella
Cilia on a Paramecium
Interactive cells!

http://learn.genetic
s.utah.edu/content
/begin/cells/inside
acell/