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Sound •Pitch: (high and low) –Corresponds to size! •Dynamics: (loud, soft) – – – – Forte (f) Mezzo Forte (mf) Mezzo Piano (mp) Piano (p) •Timbre/Tone Color: (bright, dark, mellow, harsh, etc.) – Abstract descriptions for what you are hearing Sound •Standard Choral Voices – soprano, alto, tenor, bass •Standard Orchestra Instrumentation – – – – String (violin, viola, cello, bass) Woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon) Brass (trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba) Percussion (timpani, drums, mallet keyboards) •Other – Keyboard (piano, organ, harpsichord) – Jazz Instruments (saxophone, drumset) Rhythm and Melody • Beat (pulse) - Meter (duple, triple) - Tempo (fast, slow) • Melody: – Theme (main idea) • Musical terms to describe: – Articulation (legato, staccato) – Accents – Syncopation Harmony • Consonance & Dissonance – A relationship between two notes (interval) is either stable or unstable – Unstable (dissonant) intervals resolve to stable (consonant) intervals Key • Tonal: – Called “functional” – Every chord has a function: going back to the Tonal Center – Can be Major or minor scale • Atonal – Chromatic, no tonal scale Music history is all about moving from functional tonality towards Atonality! Texture • Texture – Monophonic (single line) – Homophonic (one line, accompanied) – Polyphonic (2 or more equal lines) Form • The shape and structure of a piece of music • Most music is divided into sections – New sections defined by harmony and/or melody – Older musical ideas return often – Some large pieces are broken into movements, which are also broken into sections Genre • The Form and/or instrumentation defines the genre of a piece of music: • Symphony (Orchestra) • Concerto (Soloist with orchestra) • Chamber Music (Small ensemble) – String Quartet – Woodwind Quintet – Brass Quintet • • • • Sonata (Solo instrumental music) Art Song (Solo voice with piano) Opera (Music with vocal storytelling <staged>) Ballet (Music with dancing) Historical Eras • • • • • • Middle Ages (450-1450) Renaissance (1450-1600) Baroque (1600-1750) Classical (1750-1800ish) Romantic (1800-1900) 20th Century (1900-2000) - Often divided into two halves (1900-1945) - 1945-present = modern music