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新闻报道类 专题 三 │ 专题导读 专题导读 时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这 类材料往往语言地道、内容较新。阅读材料的组成有 一个共同的特点,即都是由标题(Headlines)、导语 (Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出, 文章的第一句话或第一段往往就是对整篇文章的高度 概括,因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。 专题 三 │ 专题导读 此类阅读材料的命题在新闻背景和主体部分设题 较多,有时可能会省去一两个部分,要求考生依据五 个部分之间的必然联系去推知未知的要素。要想做好 时事新闻类阅读理解题,考生必须要善于捕捉新闻细 节,根据问题善于找到相关句并能分析理解长难句, 善于根据上下文猜测单词、短语的含义,善于归纳、 概括、推理、判断及简单计算,才能做好这部分试题。 专题 三 │ 真题再现 真题再现 [2010·湖南] People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions—and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack,University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀地) across a face as Westerners do,Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,”Jack said.“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure,whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” 专题 三 │ 真题再现 According to Jack and her colleagues,the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed.As a result,facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in crosscultural situations. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories:happy,sad,surprised, fearful,disgusted,angry,or neutral.They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection or cultural difference in facial expression,”Jack said.“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion,Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” 专题 三 │ 真题再现 In short,the data shows that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.From here on,examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion.Otherwise,when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 ( )1. The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D.have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 专题 三 │ 真题再现 ( )2. What were the people asked to do in the study? A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers’ faces. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 ( )3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study. C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 ( )4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A. do translation more successfully B. study the mouth more frequently C. examine the eyes more attentively D. read facial expressions more correctly 专题 三 │ 真题再现 ( )5. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D. How to Increase Crosscultural Understanding 专题 三 │ 真题再现 【文章大意】 本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最 新科学发现:东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表 情。 1. A 细节理解题。根据第三段“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”可判断选A。 专题 三 │ 真题再现 2. C 细节理解题。根据第五段“…by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可判断选C。 3. A 词义猜测题。根据定语从句“that they show”所修饰的eye movements以及“the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可判断选A。 专题 三 │ 真题再现 4. C 细节理解题。根据第六段“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.”可判断选C。 5. B 标题归纳题。文章首先指出科学研究的最新 发现:东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后 更具体地介绍研究的结果发现及其研究过程,最后得出 结论:文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧,即: 不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。 由此判断最佳标题应为B。 专题 三 │ 专题预测 专题预测 (一) Nine years after disappearing from her Brisbane home, Muffy, the dog, was found alive and well this month in another backyard—1,200 miles away—officials in the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA)said today. A microchip in Muffy’s neck identified her owners, and, after a few days of searching for a current phone number, officials tracked down Natalie Lampard, who hadn’t seen Muffy since the dog disappeared from her backyard in the eastern city of Brisbane nine years ago. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 “When the RSPCA described her, I told them her name; I knew immediately it was our Muffy,” Lampard said. “It was totally out_of_the_blue— after nine years, I thought she was long gone.” Pilgrim, the owner of the Melbourne house where Muffy was discovered, said they found the dog about a year ago wandering along a street. But where had Muffy spent the previous eight years? And how did she get all the way to Melbourne— about 1,200 miles from Brisbane? “Nobody knows,” Pilgrim said. “The mystery continues for old Muffy.” 专题 三 │ 专题预测 “Muffy was suffering from a severe allergic (过敏的)reaction to fleas (跳蚤)and has been under treatment since the RSPCA removed her from the Melbourne home,” Pilgrim said. “The dog, which the Lampards originally adopted from a RSPCA shelter near Brisbane, is recovering well and should be in good enough shape to fly back home on Tuesday,” Pilgrim said. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 Lampard got Muffy as a gift for her now 17yearold daughter Chloe, and the two had been friendly with each other, Lampard said. “After the RSPCA called, I rang my daughter and asked her if she was sitting down, then told her they’d found Muffy,” Lampard said. “She’ll burst into tears when they see each other again. But just how she got down to Melbourne I guess is a mystery that will never be answered.” 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )1.The underlined phrase “out of the blue” in Para. 2 probably means “________”. A.unexpected B.possible C.disappointed D.correct 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )2.What happened after Muffy was removed from the Melbourne home? A.She was lost again and left many mysteries to officials in the RSPCA. B.She was adopted from a RSPCA shelter near Brisbane. C.She was brought back home by the Lampards in a plane. D.She received treatment owing to a severe illness. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )3.What puzzled Pilgrim and Lampard is ________. A.why Muffy left her Brisbane home B.who put a microchip in Muffy’s neck C.how Muffy reached Melbourne D.how Muffy recognized her owner after nine years 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )4.We can learn from the passage that ________. A.Lampard got Muffy as a gift for Chloe nine years ago B.officials got in touch with Lampard by visiting her home C.Pilgrim found Muffy in front of his house D.Chloe is very fond of Muffy 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )5.Why did Natalie Lampard make a phone to tell her daughter that the dog had been found? A.Because it was bought by her daughter years ago. B.Because it was once a gift for her daughter. C.Because her daughter had been looking for it. D.Because her daughter was fond of keeping a pet. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 【文章大意】 一只名叫Muffy的小狗在失踪九年后 又回到了主人身边,这让它的主人喜出望外。 1.A 词义猜测题。根据后面的句意“九年了,我 原以为它早已死去”可知,能再次找见狗对Lampard来 说是“意想不到的”。 2.D 细节理解题。由第三段第一句话“Muffy was suffering from a severe allergic reaction to fleas and has been under treatment since the RSPCA removed her from the Melbourne home,” Pilgrim said可知,在墨尔本找见Muffy之后,它被送 去接受治疗了。 专题 三 │ 专题预测 3.C 细节理解题。由第二段中Pilgrim所说的话 “And how did she get all the way to Melbourne— about 1,200 miles from Brisbane? “Nobody knows, ” Pilgrim said. “The mystery continues for old Muffy.”及最后一段Lampard所说的话“But just how she got down to Melbourne I guess is a mystery that will never be answered”可知,两个 人都对Muffy如何从布里斯班跑到墨尔本感到困惑。 专题 三 │ 专题预测 4.D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“She’ll burst into tears when they see each other again” 推断D项正确。 5.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lampard got Muffy as a gift for her now 17yearold daughter Chloe, and the two had been friendly with each other”可判断选B。 专题 三 │ 专题预测 (二) Picture our solar system. In the center, there’s our star, the sun. Orbiting the sun are eight planets, including Earth. But what about planets outside our solar system? About 15 years ago, scientists developed the tools to detect these “exoplanets”. Since then, they’ve spotted about 450. Most of the findings include one, two or three enormous gasfilled planets orbiting a star. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 But on August 24, 2010, a group of European scientists announced an unusual discovery. They say they’ve identified a solar system that’s similar to ours. It consists of as many as seven planets orbiting a sunlike star. The star is over 100 light years away from us. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 The five planets that the scientists are most certain about are large—up to 25 times the size of Earth. According to Christophe Lovis, one of the scientists behind the finding, these five planets are similar to Neptune(海王星). “They’re made mainly of rocks and ice,” he said. “They’re probably not suitable for people to live in.” 专题 三 │ 专题预测 There are also signs of two more planets. One is thought to be similar to Saturn(土星). The other may be the smallest exoplanet ever spotted. It’s only slightly larger than Earth. Because it’s so close to its star, the small planet takes just over a day to orbit it. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 Spotting faraway planets is challenging. The blazing light given off by the star they orbit makes the planets hard to see. That is why we cannot yet be 100% sure about these seven planets. The scientists haven’t actually seen them. Instead, they used a powerful telescope to study the star for six years. The star gave the scientists clues about the planets that orbit it. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 According to Alan Boss, a scientist who wasn’t involved with the study, this method is best for “finding the big guys”. But, he said, the discovery shows spotting smaller planets is also possible. “The really nice thing about finding systems like this is that it shows there’re many more out there,” says Boss. “Mother Nature really had fun making planets.” 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )1.It is known from the passage that exoplanets ________. A.are planets orbiting stars other than the sun B.refer to all the planets orbiting the sun C.are all stars outside our solar system D.include all the planets ever spotted in the universe 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )2.In another solar system discovered by the European scientists, ________. A.the star orbited by seven planets is over 100 light years from the sun B.all the seven planets are much larger than our earth C.none of the seven planets is suitable for people to live in D.most of the seven planets are made mainly of rocks and ice 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )3.According to the passage, what makes it difficult to find those exoplanets? A.The tools which are used to detect them. B.The long distance between them and our earth. C.The light given off by the star they orbit. D.The too long time needed to detect them. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )4.It is inferred from the passage that Alan Boss ________. A.has always been supporting the European scientists B.believes in the discovery of the European scientists C.thinks the European scientists’ discovery is a little unbelievable D.believes there must be another planet with humans living in it 专题 三 │ 专题预测 ( )5.The best title for the passage should be ________. A.Research on the Solar System B.Difficulty in Studying Mother Nature C.Scientists’ Contributions to the Universe D.A Lot of Planets like Our Solar System 专题 三 │ 专题预测 【文章大意】 本文为新闻。欧洲科学家利用望远 镜进行探测,观察发现一个与太阳系相似的星系。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段“In the center, there's our star, the sun. Orbiting the sun are eight planets, including Earth. But what about planets outside our solar system?”可推断, exoplanets是指太阳系以外的行星,故选A。 2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段可以判断选D。 专题 三 │ 专题预测 3.C 细节理解题。根据第六段“Spotting faraway planets is challenging. The blazing light given off by the star they orbit makes the planets hard to see. That is why we cannot yet be 100% sure about these seven planets.”可判断 选C。 4.B 推理判断题。根据七段可知,欧洲科学家是 用望远镜作为探测手段而获得的观察结果,而Alan Boss认为望远镜是一种有效的探测方式,由此可推断他 相信欧洲科学家的发现。 专题 三 │ 专题预测 5.D 主旨大意题。文章首先介绍欧洲科学家的发 现--一个与太阳系相似的星系,结尾借Alan Boss之 口道出了“像这样的太阳系之外的类似星系还有更多”, 由此判断选D。