* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ch. 11: The Ancient Greeks - Amanda Howard`sProfessional
Survey
Document related concepts
Ancient Greek architecture wikipedia , lookup
Spartan army wikipedia , lookup
List of oracular statements from Delphi wikipedia , lookup
Corinthian War wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek literature wikipedia , lookup
Economic history of Greece and the Greek world wikipedia , lookup
Athenian democracy wikipedia , lookup
Greek mythology wikipedia , lookup
First Persian invasion of Greece wikipedia , lookup
Peloponnesian War wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Ch. 11: The Ancient Greeks Lesson 1: The Early Greeks What were some of the forces that influenced the rise of civilization in ancient Greece? Geography Early Civilizations Rise of City-States Geography Centered around the Aegean Sea Mountains, bays, and inlets divided Greece into many small isolated regions which formed closely knit communities (citystates) Sea became the link to other peoples, products, and ideas. Farming in Ancient Greece Climate was similar to southern California Crops were raised all year round Crops Olives Grapes Wheat Barley Early Civilizations The roots of Greek civilization come from other cultures Minoan Civilization found on the island of Crete Mycenaean Civilization found on the mainland of Greece Minoan Civilization Accomplishments: Developed a system of writing Created artwork • Carved statuettes, pottery, metal bowls, jewelry, & weaving Great sailors Builders Mycenaean Civilization Largest City: Mycenae Accomplishments: Large fleet of ships Established colonies Adopted the Minoan style of building and writing About 1450bc, conquered the Minoans The Dark Age Around 1100bc, Mycenaean culture began to decline From 1100bc to 800bc… Trade came to a standstill Written language disappeared People lived in isolated villages Oral tradition kept the history alive. After 800bc, writing came back Rise of the City-States Isolated villages began to develop into cities, called city-states. An independent, self-governing city and its surrounding territories With city growth… trade increased Fighting increased due to lack of land Athens: A City-State How did democracy develop and work in Athens? Democracy Citizenship Economy The Evolution of Democracy Democracy: a form of government in which the people share in the decision making Developed between the 700s and 400s BC Where we developed our form of government The Origins of Democracy It took several centuries for democracy to develop. Monarchy: a system of government in which a king rules a group of people Oligarchy: a system of government in which a few people rule over a larger group The Rule of Tyrants Tyrant: a ruler who seizes power by force, sharing it with no one The Democracy of Athens World’s first democracy Council of 500 citizens chosen at random every year, proposed new laws Assembly of all citizens met every nine days to vote on the laws In court, citizens were jurors Other city-states had democracy, but Athens had the best Citizenship in Athens 50 45 40 35 30 25 Percentage of Population 20 15 10 5 0 Adult Male Citizens-15% Citizen's Wives and Children-48% Metics-12% Slaves-25% The Economy of Athens Main economic activity: farming Trading was down through barter, a system of trade in which people exchange goods but do not exchange money, until the 500s BC Silver coins were introduced around 570 BC Trade with coins made Athens a rich citystate Ancient Greek Culture What religious beliefs and customs did all Greeks share? The Family of Greek Gods Sanctuaries to the Gods Greek Drama The Family of Greek Gods The Olympic Games honored Zeus. All Greeks, no matter what city-state they lived in, worshiped Zeus and his family of gods. Greek myths explained the roles of the gods in creating the world and causing natural events. The Role of the Gods The gods of Greek myths formed a family and each member had a specific role with particular duties and powers. Worshiping the Gods Greeks prayed to specific gods for things they wanted. They thanked the gods by making animal sacrifices. Sanctuaries: a sacred place where people honor gods Sanctuaries to the Gods Four major locations of sanctuaries: Olympia (Zeus), Delphi (Apollo), Delos (Apollo), and Eleusis (Demeter) Each sacred site had its own unique traditions that had been established over hundreds of years. Olympia & Delphi Olympia Location of the Olympics Delphi Location of the Oracle of Delphi • Oracles were predictions (messages from the gods) Delos and Eleusis Delos Also had an oracle to Apollo Held a sports competition to honor Apollo every five years Eleusis Athenians made pilgrimages here each year to offer prayers and sacrifices for an abundant harvest Religious Festivals Greek Drama Most plays told stories about Greek gods or heroes. Combined religion and history with entertainment Tragedies: a drama in which the hero is brought to defeat by a flaw in his or her own character Comedies: a play that is funny and has a happy ending A Tale of Two City-States How were the cultures of Athens and Sparta similar? How were they different? Daily Life Education Persian War Sparta and Athens At 490 BC, Athens and Sparta were the largest city-states in Greece. Government of Sparta Began as a monarchy With two kings Kings part of 30 member council Members were elected by the citizens Assembly • Consists of all citizens who voted for or against laws • Ephors: one of five elected officials who had supervisory power over the Spartan kings A democratic government never developed in Sparta. Remained an oligarchy Economy of Sparta Only male occupation was as a soldier Helots: a state slave in ancient Sparta The army became almost the entire focus of the economy because of the number of slaves and fear of a slave uprising. Education in Sparta Age 0-7 A government inspector decides whether the newborn baby is healthy; if not, the baby is taken to a cave and left to die. Children remain in the home, learning traditional discipline. Age 7-18 Boys leave their homes and live in barracks with other boys as they begin their education. Physical education and military training are stressed. Girls receive training in physical education. Girls often marry at age 15. Education in Sparta, cont. Age 18-? Man enter the army and continue military training. At age 30, men complete their military training and gain full citizenship. Women take care of the home and raise children. Education in Athens Age 0-7 Baby boys are more prized than girls. Some girls are left at the gates of the city, where people passing by might find them and raise them. Children in wealthy families may begin their education with a private tutor. Age 7-18 Wealthy Athenian boys attend school, receiving training in reading, writing, arithmetic, fine arts, and athletics. Girls remain at home, learning crafts and poetry from their mothers. Girls often marry at 15. Education in Athens, cont. Age 18-? Men enter the army for two years. Then they enter the army reserve force. Men manage farms or estates and participate in the government. Women take care of the home and raise children. Allies Against Persia Athens and Sparta occasionally joined together to fit against a common enemy, specifically the Persians Up next…