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Transcript
Renaissance 14.1 The Renaissance The term means… What is being remembered? Characteristics 1. 2. Urban society and Secular viewpoints Recovery from: Plague Political instability Decline of Church power 3. Recognition of Roman (classical) past 4. Emphasis on individual ability (human worth) “The Renaissance Man”—Leonardo da Vinci Development of the Renaissance Why Italy? 1. Recall… This lack of a strong ruler made it possible for a number of Italian city-states to remain independent 2. Also… Geography + Center of old Roman Empire + Crusades = 1st European area to come out of the Dark Ages (arguable whether they entered) 3. Consider… Italians became interested in classical teaching Wealthy Italians patronized the arts— Artistic awakening Italian scholars studied classical literature—ancient achievements The Italian Renaissance 1513 Textbook p. 375 “Everyone realizes how praiseworthy it is for a prince to honor his word and to be straightforward rather than crafty in his dealings; nonetheless contemporary experience shows that princes who have achieved great things have been those who have given their word lightly, who have known how to trick men with their cunning, and who, in the end, have overcome those abiding by honest principles…a prince, therefore, need not necessarily have all the good qualities I mentioned above, but he should certainly appear to have them…He should not deviate from what is good, if that is possible, but he should know how to do evil, if that is necessary.” Machiavelli Among the first to abandon morality as the basis for analyzing political activity Attitude towards power must be based on an understanding of human nature – “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit.” A leader acts on behalf of the STATE Renaissance Society Distinctive Renaissance Humanism? p. 326 – Interested in improving society and understanding contemporary, daily life – Petrarch p. 326 – Erasmus p. 332 Vernacular Literature – Vernacular—everyday speech – Dante Divine Comedy (Italian) – Chaucer The Canterbury Tales (English) Education Humanists believed in its importance Purpose: – To create complete citizens NOT great scholars – Provided the model for the basic education (for ruling classes) until the 20th century Art Medieval – Religion – World beyond everyday life – Formal, stylized figures – Holy Land Renaissance – Religious & nonreligious subjects – Realistic and lifelike – Rugged countryside Art New Techniques – perspective Medieval Renaissance Art New Techniques – Use of light Medieval Renaissance Art New Techniques – Human Anatomy and movement – Realism Medieval Renaissance Sculpture – Realism – Human Anatomy – Movement Look @ the power in his TOES! Medieval Architecture Draws eye……… Renaissance – Reflected the new human-centered world Medieval The Renaissance Masters Da Vinci – Mastered the realistic style – Sought to master idealism Raphael – Tried to achieve ideal beauty – Balance, harmony, order Michelangelo – Idealism— perfect proportions – To reflect divine beauty Leonardo da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo Face of the Pieta Northern Renaissance Art Jan van Eyck – Oil paint = Lots of colors Fine details – Great attention to detail Albrecht Dürer – Travelled to Italy learning from the artists – Saw potential of illustrations in books Van Eyck The Madonna with Canon van der Paele Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride Dürer Knight, Death, and the Devil Lot and His Family Flee Sodom Still painted in detail too. p. 332