Download File - History With Hubert

Renaissance, Reformation, Age of
Exploration, Enlightenment,
Scientific Revolution, Revolutions
and Rebellions, and Napoleon
Renaissance
1. Renaissance
2. Florence
3. Humanism
4. Petrarch
5. Erasmus
6. Dante
7. Machiavelli
8. Renaissance Man
9. Leonardo Da Vinci
10. Michelangelo
Renaissance 1350-1650 A.D.
Renaissance Art – 1450s
• Renaissance is French for
“rebirth”
Greek Art – 300 B.C. I am David, from
I am a realist
David and Goliath
• Time period when European
statue because I
Bible story.
artists and philosophers look real…. Except
No, I didn’t go
up against a giant
“rediscovered” Greek and… how am I talking
without a head?
in the buff.
Roman ideas like realist art,
philosophy and logic,
mathematics, imitated it, and
created new ideas.
• Began in Italian Peninsula in
Don’t Mess with
city-state of Florence
me. Unnerstand
• Why? Italian merchant
what Imma
Trade
sayyin?
families, rich from their
strategic location as a port for
Routes
I am Julius
Mediterranean Sea silk road
Caesar, the first
Roman Emperor.
trade routes, commissioned
I’m a realist
art and literature works
statue because I
look.uh….real….
• Medici, corrupt banking
family, commissioned to be
done in the style of the Greeks
Cosimo Medici
The Original
mafia Godfather
Roman
Art – 30 B.C.
and Romans
Renaissance cont…• Humanism was a new Renaissance
If the Bible were
written in each
person’s native
language, then they
could read God’s
word for
themselves!!!
belief that human capabilities were
limitless
If God made us
in his image,
then doesn’t it
make sense
that we can do
similar things
as him?
–
–
–
If God made us
in his image,
then why are
there so many
ugly people?
–
The Roman Catholic Church didn’t like this new
philosophy because most leaders felt it placed
emphasis on man rather than on God
Humanism also meant studying the ancient
works of the Greeks and Romans that were lost
during the Dark Ages, rather than what the
church said was holy enough to study
The language of the church and of scholars was
Latin; writing scholarly works in another
language was a form of humanism, because it
focused on a language other than the “holy”
language of God
Keeping the Bible in Latin helped the church
keep control, because most people in Europe
were illiterate and couldn’t read Latin
• Petrarch – 1300s – Father of Humanism
–
–
–
a philosopher poet in Italy
collected Greek and Roman literary works by
Cicero, homer, and Virgil
Said humanism and Christianity can be
combined
• Desiderius Erasmus - 1466-1536 A.D.
Dutch humanist
–
–
wrote Greek translations of the bible
Said Bible should be written in vernacular
Renaissance cont…
Botecelli’s concept of hell
Pope Nicholas!
Come
here often?
• Dante Alighieri
1265-1321 – wrote
The Divine Comedy
– It’s not a funny story, but is Greek
for “a play that has a happy
ending”
– It’s Humanist because he wrote it
in his native language Italian
instead of Latin
– Also because in it he travels
through the Catholic version of
Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory
– In it he critiques the Catholic
church by writing corrupt church
members in Hell and Purgatory
– He also wrote love poetry
glorifying Beatrice, a woman he
never really met; that is also
humanist because love poetry
should be about God and not
earthly relationships
Renaissance continued…
• Nicolo Machiavelli –
1265-1321 – Florentine
who wrote The Prince
– A book about how to be an effective
ruler
– Said a ruler should not only be
concerned about moral reasons for
doing things but the end result
– So if the result of a law or war is
favorable, if it helps the ruler keep
power, then
“The end justifies the means”
Or do whatever it takes to get it done.
Renaissance continued…
Leonarnardo Da Vinci
1452 - 1519- The Real Renaissance Man
• A Renaissance man is good at
everything he tries, like Da Vinci
• Lute player, architect,
painter, dissected corpses
and drew anatomy
diagrams, engineering
designs (link to Da Vinci
inventions)
• Painted the “Mona Lisa”
and the “Last Supper”
• The Medici family and the
Catholic church
commissioned, or paid for,
many of his works
Good Lord!
OMG! Bless
the meal
already! I’m
starving!
Renaissance continued…
• Michelangelo – 14751564; painter, sculptor,
poet
– Rival of Da Vinci in Florence and
Rome; painted mostly Christian
themes
– Trained in humanist school
founded by Medici
– Scultped Pieta; Mary holding a
crucified Jesus
– David; from David and Goliath
– Cistine Chapel; each picture
contained a story from the Bible
– Most famous is “The Creation”
Review Questions
1. The first real Renaissance Man is considered
to be
a.
b.
c.
d.
Machiavelli
Petrarch
Michelangelo
Da Vinci A Renaissance man is good at everything he
tries; Da Vinci was an excellent painter,
sculptor, poet, musician, and inventor
2. The Prince is a humanist book written by
Machiavelli that says
a. A prince can only become king if he is a legitimate
heir of the monarch
b. A ruler should use whatever means to get the desired
end result
c. Not all rulers are effective but the ones who are show
sympathy to their subjects
d. The most practical way for a monarch to rule is to
justify the decisions he makes to his people
Machiavelli came up with the theory that the
“end justifies the means”; in other words, it’s
okay to ignore morals as long as the ruler
holds on to his power
3. The Renaissance can be best characterized as
a time when
a. There were many new ideas created in Europe
b. Italy became the most powerful place in Europe
c. European artists and philosophers tried to imitate the
works of the ancient Greeks and Romans
d. People began to focus on humans rather than on God
Renaissance philosophers tried to revive
ancient texts from Rome by going on
archeological expiditions
4. Dante, Petrarch, and Erasmus were all
a. Influential Catholic humanist writers of the
Renaissance
b. Influential Catholic humanist painters of the
Renaissance
c. Influential Catholic humanist musicians of the
Renaissance
d. Influential Catholic humanist sculptors of the
Renaissance
Petrarch was the father of Humanism; Erasmus called for early
reforms of the Catholic church and made a Greek Translation of
the Bible; Dante wrote in his native language of Latin rather than
Greek
6. The Renaissance got its start in Italy because
a. Italians were more naturally artistic and musical than
the rest of Europe
b. Other rulers tried to put down any artists who
painted scenes that were humanist
c. Italy had a strategic position on the crossroads of the
silk road in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea
d. Italy didn’t have mountains like Greece so it was
easier to transport works of art from one city-state to
another
Money from Mediterranean trade helped make Italian city-states
very powerful
5. A Renaissance humanist would most likely
agree with which statement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Humans are just as good as God
Human capabilities are limitless
Humans have limited abilities
Humans have certain rights
Petrarch was the first to combine Christianity with humanism
saying that if people are created in God’s image, then why
couldn’t their abilities be infinite as well? He wasn’t saying that
humans had God’s powers, but they had like-powers.