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Transcript
The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance Italian Renaissance Humanism • Humanism was a key intellectual movement of the Renaissance – Based on the study of literary works of the ancients Greeks and Romans • Humanists studied the “humanities” – grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy, and history Italian Renaissance Humanism • Petrarch is considered the father of Italian Renaissance humanism – He emphasized the use of pure classical Latin • Latin as it was used by the ancient Romans Italian Renaissance Humanism • In the early 1400s, humanists shifted from being a secluded group, to being very proactive – believed intellectuals should be active in the community – Also believed the humanities should be used to serve the state Vernacular Literature • Because of the emphasis on classical Latin, scholars, lawyers, and theologians used it • But some writers used the vernacular – language spoken in their own regions • In the 14th century, the works of Dante and Chaucer made vernacular popular Dante • Dante (Italian) wrote the Divine Comedy Chaucer • Chaucer (English) wrote The Canterbury Tales Education in the Renaissance • Humanists believed that education could change people • Believed that the liberal studies (history, moral philosophy, grammar, logic, poetry, math, astronomy, etc) helped people reach their full potential Education in the Renaissance • Humanists also stressed physical education – Sound mind and sound body • The purpose of liberal education was not to create a great scholar, but complete human beings New Techniques in Painting • Masaccio’s frescoes were the first masterpieces of Renaissance art – A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints • He created a 3D perspectives which allowed his works to be very realistic Masaccio’s Frescoes Sculpture and Architecture • The sculptor Donatello spent time studying and imitating statues of the Greeks and Romans – He created realistic free-standing figures Sculpture and Architecture • The buildings of classical Rome inspired the architect Filippo Brunelleschi. The Masters of the High Renaissance • The final stage of Italian Renaissance painting is called the High Renaissance (1490-1520) • Three artistic giants are associated with this period – Leonardo da Vinci – Raphael – Michelangelo da Vinci’s Work • He focused on realistic painting Raphael’s Work • Known for his paintings at the Vatican palace Michelangelo’s Work • Known for his work on the ceilings of the Sistine chapel The Northern Artistic Renaissance • Artists of northern Europe typically painted illustrations for books and wooden panels for altarpieces – Masters of detail • The most important northern school of art in the 15th century was in Flanders. The Use of Oil Paint • Jan van Eyck was one of the first to use oil paint. • Allowed artists to use a wide variety of colors and to create fine details.