Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Renaissance philosophy wikipedia , lookup
Northern Mannerism wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance Revival architecture wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance music wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance in Scotland wikipedia , lookup
French Renaissance literature wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance architecture wikipedia , lookup
Italian Renaissance wikipedia , lookup
The Renaissance began in Italy and spread north to the rest of Europe Rebirth in the learning and culture of the Roman and Greek worlds 1. Italy was the center of the Roman Empire 2. Italian city-states grew into prosperous centers of trade Architecture, art, coins, ect. Location/Milan Venice Genoa 3. Wealthy and powerful merchant class attitudes and interests Stressed Education Individual achievement Money to support the arts Florence became the city that symbolized the Renaissance. Why? Produced a great number of gifted poets, artists, architects, scholars, and scientists In the 1400’s the Medici family organized a successful banking business became one of the richest merchants in Europe 1. Cosimo De Medici gained control of the government of Florence 2. Lorenzo De Medici (magnificent) great leader and patron of the arts. He brought poets, philosophers to Florence Artists learned by sketching ancient Roman works. Time of creativity and change in political, social, economic , and cultural areas Change in the way people viewed themselves and the world around them A. New World View It produced new attitudes toward culture and learning 1. thinkers explored the richness and variety of human experience How does it differ from medieval thinkers? 2. New emphasis on individual achievement Ideal person was one with talent in many fields B. Spirit of Adventure and Curiosity Led people to explore the world Age of exploration/science C. Humanism The study of classical culture (Greece/Rome) 1.focused on worldly subjects not religious issues 2 hoped to use the knowledge of the Greeks and Romans to understand their own time 3. education should stimulate the individual’s creative powers Humanities (grammer, rhetoric, poetry, history) Roman art had been very realistic, and during the Renaissance artists developed new techniques for representing both humans and landscapes in a realistic way. 1. perspective 2. shading 3. studied the human anatomy Women Artists They had to overcome the limits on education and training Some women had to pass their work off in their husbands name Very few women artists gained acceptance Sofonisba Anguissola court painter for the king of Spain Architecture Moved away from the gothic style and adopted the columns, arches, and does of the Greeks and Romans Dissected human corpses to learn how bones and muscles worked Paintings great realism Mona Lisa The Last Supper Talents and accomplishments in many areas Botany Anatomy Optics Music Architecture Engineering Sketches for a flying machine & undersea boat Sculptor , engineer, painter, architect, and poet Pieta David Sistine Chapel (mural biblical history) Designed the dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral Studied the works of Leonardo and Michelangelo Paintings blend Christian and classical styles The School of Athens Poets, artists, and scholars mixed with politicians; books were written to show ambitious men how to rise to power in the Renaissance world Niccolo Machiavelli He served as a diplomat and observed kings, studied ancient Roman history Prince (1513) Combined his personal experience of politics with the knowledge of the past as a guide to rulers on how to gain power and hold it. He looked to real rules in an age of ruthless politics, not the ideal ruler. He believed that the ends justifies the means He urged rulers to use whatever methods necessary to achieve their goals Getting results was more important than honesty He was against oppression and corruption Machiavellian deceit in politics Northern Europe did not enjoy the economic growth that sparked the Renaissance in Italy until after 1450 Slow recovery from the plague Lacked the wealthy class to support the arts Lacked the major trade centers Northern Renaissance began in the cities of Flanders, today northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, Johann Gutenberg 1456 printed the first edition of the Bible using the first printing press in the west Chinese had been using the printing press for centuries and they had a method of making paper which would not reach Europe until 1300 Within 20 years the development of the movable type printing press made book production faster How did the printing press transformed Europe 1. Books were cheaper and easier 2. By 1500 more than 20 million books had been printed 3. literacy rates increased 4. Greater access to a large range of knowledge 5. Exposed Europeans to new ideas exploration These scholars stressed Education Classical learning They believed that the revival of ancient learning should be used to bring about religious and moral reform. Erasmus Dutch priest Produced a new Greek edition of the New Testament Called for the Bible to be written in the vernacular He believed that the individual’s chief duties were to be openminded and of good will toward others He was upset by the corruption in the church and called for reform The Praise of Folly English humanist pressed for social reform Utopia (book) Describes an ideal society in which all are educated and justice is used to end crime rather than to eliminate the criminal.