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The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E. Take notes in red. The Renaissance • Began in Northern Italy around 1300 while England and France were in the Hundred Years War • Why Italy? • Urban region, trading cities such as Genoa, Venice and Florence • Lots of powerful merchants who focused on trade – took pride in their achievements • Focus was on the individual • Patrons sponsored art New Values Shape the Renaissance • Celebration of the individual – people wanted recognition and credit for their work, not doing it all for the glory of God • Portraits and autobiographies are written • Love of classical learning • Looked down on Medieval times as the “Dark Ages” • Humanists – studied classical texts, history and language arts – thought all people should study this The Renaissance Man • Strove to master almost every art • The Courtier – told people how to become worthy of admiration • Well educated in the classics • Charming, polite, witty • Dance, sing, play music and write poetry • Physically graceful and strong, skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman The Renaissance Woman • Upper class women are as well educated as men • Charming, know the classics, write well, make music, paint, and dance • Women are better educated than in the Middle Ages, but are actually less influential in politics, economics and social affairs Florence Led the Way • In the 1400’s the Medici were a wealthy banking and trading family who dominated politics • Cosimo de Medici made sure all city counsel members were loyal to him • Spent money on beautifying the city with art – created first free public library, his son and grandson continued this tradition while maintaining political control of Florence Michelangelo • Lived and worked with the Medici family • The Sistine Chapel is one of his most famous works Leonardo Da Vinci • Both a scientist and artist – a genius • Invented many machines for many purposes, from making metal screws to the idea of making man fly • Painted “The Last Supper” and “The Mona Lisa” The end of the Renaissance • New styles became popular in the 1600’s • Ideals of Renaissance thought continue to influence Western ideas today about the importance of the individual • Gives rise to more democratic (people ruling) ideas Age of Exploration Explorers Discover New Lands New Spirit of the Renaissance • How did the new ideas and values of the Renaissance lead to the Age of Exploration? • During Leonardo’s time, Portuguese sailors charted the coast of Africa and discovered new continents. The Individual • Explorers wanted to obtain individual glory, they were curious, ambitious, and confident just like Renaissance artists. Factors that encouraged exploration • Search for spices and profits • Crusades led to demand for more goods from Asia • Italian merchants controlled Eastern Mediterranean, the spice trade made them money • Wanted a route free of Turks – religious hostilities were high More Factors in Exploring • Wanted to spread Christianity • New Technology • Caravel – ship with triangular sails for tacking into the wind, square ones for running before the wind • Astrolabe – used stars to decipher where on the earth one was in relation to the equator • Compass – indicates your direction Portuguese exploration • 1420 – Prince Henry create a school for navigation – He was a patron of exploration • First successful expeditions brought gold and slaves from Africa, later ivory as well • Gold Coast at Ghana • This encouraged further exploration – want to reach the Indies Explorations around Africa • Bartholomeu Dias – reached Cape of Good Hope, southern most tip of Africa • Vasco da Gama – 1497, he took 4 ships to India, first to round the Cape of Good Hope • Led to Portuguese domination of trade on Indian Ocean, gave them a direct sea route to India, China and Spice Islands “In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue.” • Columbus convinced Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain to sponsor his quest across the Atlantic to reach India • he estimated this would only be 2,000 miles • Thought the world was round, wanted to reach Japan too • Nina, Pinta and Sana Maria were names of ships • Landed in the Bahamas, didn’t find the spices, but found natives and exotic birds and fruit So why do we give him such credit? • Viking voyages had landed in the Americas first. • Columbus’s exploration led to lasting and permanent settlements… • What else did it lead to? Ferdinand Magellan • Portuguese sailor sailed round the world, funded by Spain with 5 ships and crews • The trip took 3 years and cost most their lives, not an easy trip • Proved the Americas were separate continents. • Proved the world was much larger than anyone had thought.