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Test Review – Renaissance, Reformation, The Age of Exploration and Absolutism
1. What were the contributing factors to the economic crises of the 14th century? What was the Western response to
these factors?
2. Compare and contrast medieval culture and Renaissance culture.
3. What was the importance of the city-state of Florence and the Medici family to the Renaissance?
4. What were the technological improvements that advanced mercantilism during the 15th century?
5. What was the importance of Prince Henry the Navigator?
6. How was exploration by the British and the Dutch different from that of Portugal and Spain?
7. Describe the Columbian Exchange.
8. Why were explorers looking for a Northwest passage to India and the spice islands?
9. Describe how Spain’s internal economy affected its dominance of world trade.
10. Which areas were dominated by French, British, Portuguese, and Spanish exploration during Age of Exploration?
11. What was the importance of Calcutta?
12. How did the Age of Exploration affect Western Europe?
13. Describe humanism.
14. What were the religious propositions advanced by Martin Luther? Why did the German elite support him?
15. What were the basic ideas of Calvinism, Anglicanism, and Lutheranism?
16. What was the response of the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation?
17. What was the Edict of Nantes?
18. Describe the proletariat.
19. What were the important works of Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and Copernicus?
20. Describe deism.
21. Who were the most important absolute monarchs of the Age of Absolutism and what were their accomplishments?
22. Describe the Russian economy before, during, and after absolute monarchy.
23. What was the Time of Troubles? Who were the boyars?
24. What changes did Peter the Great make to modernize Russia?
25. Why is Catherine the Great described as an “enlightened despot?”
26. What were the lasting effects of the religious wars in Europe?
29. What is meant by “justification by faith?”
30. What were the 3 G’s and what were the important characteristics of each?
31. Describe the Renaissance humanist writers and describe what makes their works “humanist.”
32. Who were Leonardo, Donatello, Michelangelo, and Raphael? What works were each of these men noted for? Why
were these works important?
33. Describe the economy and culture of The Americas before and after the arrival of explorers from Western Europe.