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We need food to carry out our daily activities Does it matter what we eat??..... YES Our body needs a certain amount of nutrients a day Nutrients are substances in food that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth and repair The body needs energy for every activity it does, whether its voluntary or involuntary The amount of energy you need depends on body mass, age and activity level Amount of energy in food is measured as calories The number of calories varies depending of the food that you are eating 4. Vitamins 1. 2. Are organic nutrients needed in small quantities for growth, regulating body functions and preventing some diseases Most foods supply some vitamins, but no food has them all 2 groups Water Soluble Need to be replenished daily Fat Soluble Stored in the body fat tissue 5. Minerals Inorganic (lack carbon) Your body uses 14 minerals Regulate chemical reactions in your body Build cells Send nerve impulses Carry oxygen to body cells Trace minerals are only needed by in small amounts, like copper and iodine Table 1 pg 518 6. Water Is one of the most important factors for your survival Can only live a few days without water Other nutrients have to be dissolved in water to be used Human body is 60% water 2/3 of body water is located in your cells Water leaves your body when you breathe, sweat and you get rid of body wastes To replace water you need to drink 2L a day Water is also found in foods Water is important to cells because it aids in chemical reactions Food is processed in four stages: ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination Digestion is the process that breaks down food into small molecules so they can be absorbed and moved into the blood 2 types of digestion 1. Mechanical-food is chewed, mixed and churned 2. Chemical- chemical reactions break down food into small molecules Make chemical digestion possible Enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction They reduce the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin Help you digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats Amylase helps speed up the break down of complex carbohydrates (starch»sugar) Pepsin is found in the stomach and breaks down proteins The pancreas releases enzymes into the small intestine, which continue to break down starches into glucose Also break down fats into fatty acids Enzymes also aid in the blood-clotting process and in the process that builds your body 2 parts: 1. Digestive tract mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus 2. Accessory organs (tongue, teeth, salivary gland, liver, gallbladder and pancreas) 1. Mouth Mechanical and chemical digestion begin Mechanical digestion happens when you 2. chew your food and mix it with your tongue Chemical digestion happens when saliva is mixed with your food Ingestion is now over Esophagus Epiglottis covers your windpipe About 25 cm long muscle Takes 4 to 7 s for food to move through the esophagus into the stomach No digestion takes place Mucous glands keep the food moist 3. Stomach As food enters from the esophagus, the stomach expands Food is digested both mechanically and chemically Food is changed into chyme within 2-4 hours Little by little food moves into the small intestine 4. Small Intestine Chyme leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum, where most of the digestion takes place Bile is released from your liver, and breaks up the large fat particles Pancreas releases another solution that breaks down carbohydrates, proteins and fats Pancreas also produces insulin, which always glucose to pass from your bloodstream into your cells The villi aids in the absorption of food Peristalsis forces the undigested food into your large intestine 5. Large Intestine It’s main job is to absorb the water from the undigested food This helps maintain homeostasis Chyme can stay in here for as long as 3 days Wastes are released by your rectum and anus Help break down intestinal material to make vitamins Produce Vitamin K, which is needed for blood clotting Make 2 B vitamins, niacin and thiamine, which are important to you nervous system