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Digestive System Digestive System Rap Job of Digestive System Break down food (macromolecules) into nutrients & energy Review: Macromolecules What macromolecules do we eat? Proteins: Meat, Nuts Lipids: Oils, Fats Carbohydrates: Breads, Sugars Review: Food Energy Which macromolecule is our main energy source? Carbohydrates Review: Food Energy (cont.) Which macromolecule stores the most energy? Lipids The Food Pyramid Nutrition Nutrients: Anything that promotes growth Vitamins (Vitamin C) Minerals (Iron) Macromolecules Two Types of Digestion Mechanical – physically breaking food into smaller pieces (mouth) Chemical – food molecules are broken down by acids and enzymes (stomach, small intestines) Digestive System Tracking a Piece of Food 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus Swallowing Peristalsis: wavelike movement of muscles pushes food through digestive tract My food went down the “wrong pipe!” 2 tubes in throat: trachea & esophagus esophagus connects mouth to stomach How does food know which tube to go down? epiglottis 3 Jobs of Stomach Store food & liquid 2. Mix food & digestive juices (HCl) 3. Empty into small intestine 1. Digestive Juices Assist in breaking down of food Ex. Enzymes Acid Reflux Small Intestine Absorbs greatest amount of nutrients Covered with tiny finger-like projections – villi ~20 ft long! Villi Increase surface area for better absorption (like a towel) Large Intestine Prepares waste for removal by absorbing water ~5 ft long! Digestion: ‘Helper’ Organs Salivary Glands: produce saliva – starts breaking down carbohydrates Pancreas: produces enzymes & regulates glucose levels Digestion: ‘Helper’ Organs (cont.) Liver: Produces bile Filters blood Digestion: ‘Helper’ Organs (cont.) Gall Bladder: stores bile Helps digest fatty foods