Download Anatomy for Nutrition`s Sake

Anatomy for Nutrition’s Sake
Chapter 3
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
The Digestive System
• The gastrointestinal tract
Layers of the GI tract wall
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine (colon)
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
The Gastrointestinal Tract
• Mouth
Chewing
Saliva
Swallowing
• Esophagus
Passes bolus from mouth to stomach
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
The Gastrointestinal Tract
• Stomach
Stores food
Forms chyme (semi-liquid blend of
food & gastric secretions)
Controls movement of chyme into
small intestine
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
The Gastrointestinal Tract
• Small intestine
Primary organ of digestion &
absorption
Adds bile & enzymes to chyme to
complete digestion
Absorbs nutrients into blood & lymph
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
The Gastrointestinal Tract
• Large intestine
Absorbs dissolved minerals & water
Eliminates waste products
Harbors bacteria
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
The Digestive System
• Accessory organs of digestion
Liver
• Makes bile
Gallbladder
• Stores & releases bile
Pancreas
• Makes bicarbonate & digestive enzymes
(exocrine functions)
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
Metabolism
• Breaking down nutrients for
energy
Carbohydrate to glucose (catabolic) &
glycogen (anabolic)
Protein to amino acids (catabolic) &
then to glucose, fat, or protein
(anabolic)
Fat/fat-soluble nutrients packaged in
chylomicrons, then other lipoproteins
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
Other Systems
• Bones
• Muscles
• Nerves
• Lungs
• Reproductive organs
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
Let Foods Be Your Medicine
• Functional foods
Visit the local grocery store
Follow the research
Incorporate functional foods into your
daily diet
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
Do Your Genes Affect What’s
in Your Jeans?
• Ancient ancestors’ eating habits
vs. the way we eat today
• How ancient habits & eating
patterns affect likelihood of
developing chronic diseases
• Foods found in modern diets that
were generally unavailable to our
prehistoric ancestors
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
Gut Feelings--Common
Digestive Problems
• Hiccups
Causes
Potential “cures”
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
Gut Feelings--Common
Digestive Problems
• Constipation
Definition - bowl movements ≤3
times per week
Causes
Treatment
• Diet: 20-35 g/fiber per day
• Lifestyle changes
• Laxatives
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth
Gut Feelings--Common
Digestive Problems
• Hemorrhoids
Complication of constipation
Signs & symptoms
Treatment
• Tub baths
• Hemorrhoidal cream or suppository
 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth