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Anatomy for Nutrition’s Sake Chapter 3 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Digestive System • The gastrointestinal tract Layers of the GI tract wall Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine (colon) 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Gastrointestinal Tract • Mouth Chewing Saliva Swallowing • Esophagus Passes bolus from mouth to stomach 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Gastrointestinal Tract • Stomach Stores food Forms chyme (semi-liquid blend of food & gastric secretions) Controls movement of chyme into small intestine 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Gastrointestinal Tract • Small intestine Primary organ of digestion & absorption Adds bile & enzymes to chyme to complete digestion Absorbs nutrients into blood & lymph 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Gastrointestinal Tract • Large intestine Absorbs dissolved minerals & water Eliminates waste products Harbors bacteria 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Digestive System • Accessory organs of digestion Liver • Makes bile Gallbladder • Stores & releases bile Pancreas • Makes bicarbonate & digestive enzymes (exocrine functions) 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Metabolism • Breaking down nutrients for energy Carbohydrate to glucose (catabolic) & glycogen (anabolic) Protein to amino acids (catabolic) & then to glucose, fat, or protein (anabolic) Fat/fat-soluble nutrients packaged in chylomicrons, then other lipoproteins 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Other Systems • Bones • Muscles • Nerves • Lungs • Reproductive organs 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Let Foods Be Your Medicine • Functional foods Visit the local grocery store Follow the research Incorporate functional foods into your daily diet 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Do Your Genes Affect What’s in Your Jeans? • Ancient ancestors’ eating habits vs. the way we eat today • How ancient habits & eating patterns affect likelihood of developing chronic diseases • Foods found in modern diets that were generally unavailable to our prehistoric ancestors 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems • Hiccups Causes Potential “cures” 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems • Constipation Definition - bowl movements ≤3 times per week Causes Treatment • Diet: 20-35 g/fiber per day • Lifestyle changes • Laxatives 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems • Hemorrhoids Complication of constipation Signs & symptoms Treatment • Tub baths • Hemorrhoidal cream or suppository 2010 Cengage-Wadsworth