Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Warm Up 5/19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What are the folds in the stomach called? Name 5 parts of the tooth. What enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach? What are the two sphincters in the stomach? What is the name for the whole tube that food goes through from the mouth to the anus? What movement takes food down the esophagus and moves food in the stomach? *THINK: What system – parasympathetic or sympathetic - controls digestion? *What does the pancreas do??? SMALL INTESTINE NOTES 5/19 Small intestine Body’s major digestive organ Coiled tubes of smooth muscles About 20 feet long! About 1 inch wide 3 DIVISIONS: 1. DUODENUM – 10 inches 2. JEJUNEM – 8 feet 3. ILEUM – 12 feet MESSENTARY Thin weblike tissue that holds the small intestines together FUNCTION of the SMALL INTESTINE 1. 2. 3. Digest fats Finish digestion of all foods Absorb food nutrients PROCESS Food is only partially digested as it enters the small intestine Food (chyme) enters the duodenum through the pyloric sphincter When entering the duodenum, sends hormone out in blood to 1. slow down production of gastric juice 2. Release bile from gallbladder (cholecystokinin) 3. Stimulate pancreas (secretin) Accessory organs help the small intestine to digest PANCREAS GALLBLADDER LIVER PANCREAS Pink, leaf shape gland 6-9” long Under the stomach FUNCTION 1. Secrete pancreatic juice into the duodenum 2. Secrete insulin (for sugar metabolism) PANCREATIC JUICE • An enzyme that: 1. Finishes the digestion of starch (pancreatic amylase) 2. Finishes the digestion of proteins (trypsin) 3. All fat digestion here (lipase) Also contains BIOCARBONATE – a base to help neutralize the acid entering the small intestine Pancreatic juice enters into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. PANCREATITIS Inflammation of the pancreas It starts to digest itself Food in small intestine no being digested – leads to nutrient deficiencies LIVER Largest gland in the body 3-4 lbs Under the diaphragm, to the right FUNCTIONS of the LIVER 1. 2. 3. 4. Detoxify body from substances entering blood stream through the small intestine Secrete bile (breaks down fats) Store vitamins, sugars, fats Maintains blood glucose levels BILE Secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder FUNCTION Helps break down fats (physically) and absorb them GALLBLADDER Small, balloon shaped sac under the liver 3 – 4 inches long FUNCTION stores bile until needed and then secretes it into the duodenum DUCTS HEPATIC DUCT – bile leaves the liver through CYSTIC DUCT – bile leaves the gallbladder through COMMON BILE DUCT – bile enters the duodenum through ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS Once all food is digested (broken down to a liquid), it begins absorption VILLI – fingerlike projections inside the small intestine to help increase the surface area for absorption MICROVILLI – fingerlike projections on the villi HOW NUTRIENTS ARE ABSORBED Nutrients in the small intestine go through its microvilli in its wall by active transport (against the gradient) or diffusion Blood vessels in the villi take nutrients around the body and “drop” them off to various cells to be used Some used for energy, some for building muscle, some for storing energy, etc. PROBLEMS CIRRHOSIS – disease of the liver (alcohol main cause HEPATITIS – infection of the liver (alcohol or virus) HEPATITIS A – infection due to poor sanitation HEPATITIS B – infection due to body fluids JAUNDICE – bile entering the body tissue SYMPTOMS – yellow skin and sclera WORMS – intestine parasites worms in stool coughing up worms loss of appetite fever wheezing shortness of breath abdominal distention (swelling of the abdomen) severe stomach or abdominal pain ASCARIASIS – roundworms - eat eggs - hatch in intestines - move to lungs - up throat and swallow - back in intestines - may burrow through intestines and infect body tissues HOOKWORMS – attach to intestine wall and feed on tissues - fecal content in soil; bare feet - causes anemia TAPEWORMS – attach to intestine wall and feed on food that you eat - decrease nutrients to body; lose weight - from undercooked pork, beef, fish PINWORMS – •How is pinworm spread? •Pinworms live as parasites in the intestine. •At night, adult female pinworms migrate from the large intestine to the anal area, where they lay their eggs. •From the anus, pinworm eggs may be transferred to other surfaces: •Underclothes •Pajamas •Bedding •Towels •Toilets LABELING 8. 9. 13. 14. 15. 16. PANCREAS PANCREATIC DUCT GALLBLADDER COMMON BILE DUCT CYSTIC DUCT HEPATIC DUCT The egg-laying activity of the female pinworm can cause itchiness in the anal area. Scratching can transfer pinworm eggs to the fingers, especially under the fingernails. From the fingernails, pinworm eggs may be transferred to a wide variety of additional surfaces. Pinworm eggs can live on surfaces for 2 to 3 weeks after being deposited. Uninfected people who touch a contaminated surface, then touch the mouth, may swallow pinworm eggs, leading to infection. 9. -- LABELING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Sublingual gland Submandibular gland Gallbladder Liver Hepatic duct Cystic duct Common bile duct Duodenum (small intestine) 10.Jejunem 11.-- 12.Ileum (small intestine) 13.-- 14.-15.-16.parotid Pharynx 18. Esophagus 19. Cardiac sphincter 20. Stomach (pylorus) 21. Pyloric sphincter 22. Pancreas 17.