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Nutrient Absorption How many different systems do you see? 1.Digestive-Breaks down and absorbs nutrients 2. Respiratoryabsorbs oxygen 3. Circulatory – transports nutrients C6H12O6 + 6O2 glucose + oxygen 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP carbon dioxide + water + energy 1. Where does the glucose come from? Food 2. Where does the oxygen come from? Breathing 3. What are the final products of cellular respiration? CO2, H2O, ATP 4. In which organelle does this take place in our cells? Mitochondria Evolutionary Trends of the Digestive System Types of digestive Filter feeder systems: Digestive cavity: Digestive tract: 1 opening 2 openings (Gastrovascular cavity) Description of system Aquatic animals that Digestive chamber with strain tiny floating food entering and waste organisms from water exiting through one 2 openings: mouth, anus. opening. Picture of system Jellyfish, Sea Anemone, Examples Sponges Snails, oysters, squid, Corals, Portuguese Man-of- octopus, starfish, sand dollar, War, Planaria (flatworm) crayfish, spiders, crabs, butterflies, humans Human Digestive System Purpose: converts food into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body; absorbs food and eliminates waste Parts of the System: ∙ mouth ∙ pharynx ∙ esophagus ∙ stomach ∙ small intestine ∙ large intestine ∙ rectum/colon ∙ accessory organs include the salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas How the Digestive System Works ∙ Digestion begins in the mouth o chemical digestion – salivary glands produce amylase which begins to break down sugars and starches o mechanical digestion – teeth grind and break down food into smaller pieces ∙ Esophagus – moves food from mouth to stomach using peristalsis. (smooth muscle contractions) stomach – food is combined with acids and enzymes (chemical digestion); the stomach muscles squeeze and contract (mechanical digestion) • small intestine – absorption of food molecules takes place here o inner surface of small intestine heavily folded and lined with small finger-like projections called villi o this creates a large surface area for nutrient absorption ∙ large intestine – absorbs water and compacts waste ∙ rectum/anus – releases wastes outside the body ∙ Smooth muscle lining the digestive organs moves food through in a one-way direction (peristalsis) Click on picture Accessory organs of the digestive system: ∙ pancreas o Produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels o Produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids ∙ liver o Produces bile, aids in the digestion of fats o Bile is stored in a pouch under the liver, the gall bladder Digestive System Levels of Organization epithelium, villi, smooth muscle Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines digestive