Download Lesson 27 "Using Diet to Guard Against Disease"

7 October 2013 Questions
• Trivia: According to the New York Times,
twenty percent of Americans spend 60
billion dollars per year on these. What are
they?
• Brain Teaser: Six glasses are in a row. The
first three are filled with juice, & the last
three are empty. By moving only one
glass, can you arrange them so that the
full and empty glasses alternate?
Lesson 27
"Using Diet to Guard Against
Disease"
Objectives
• Students will be able to...
– (1) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of
developing cancer.
– (2) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of
developing cardiovascular diseases.
– (3) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of
developing osteoporosis.
– (4) Discuss diet recommendations for people with
diabetes of hypoglycemia.
– (5) Discuss ways to avoid reactions to food allergies
& intolerances, including lactose intolerance, celiac
disease, & reactions to MSG.
Diet & Cancer
• What to Know About Diet & Cancer
– Antioxidant: A substance that protects cells
from being damaged by oxidation.
• Diets high in antioxidants have been associated
with decreased rates of esophagus, lung, colon, &
stomach cancer.
• Prevent cell damage & repair damaged cells.
• Help to prevent healthy cells from becomming
cancerous cells.
• Vitamins C,E,A are antioxidants.
• Table on Outline
Diet & Cardiovascular Disease
• Cardiovascular Disease: Disease of the
heart & blood vessels.
– Leading cause of premature death & disability.
– Map of Heart Disease Deaths
What to Know About Diet & Cardiovascular
Disease
• Limit fat & cholesterol intake
– Atherosclerosis: A disease in which there is a build up of plaque
on artery walls.
– Embolism: The blockage of an artery by a clump of material
traveling in the blood stream.
– Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in the lung.
– Example
• Increase your intake of foods & beverages containing
antioxidants
–
–
–
–
Help prevent wear & tear in blood vessels.
Eat carrots, sweet potatoes, & squash to obtain Vitamin A
Eat citrus fruits to obtain Vitamin C
Eat green vegetables, nuts, & whole grain cereals to obtain
Vitamin E
What to Know About Cardiovascular
Disease (continued)
• Limit your intake of sodium
– Can cause people to retain body fluid & have
high blood pressure as a result.
– High sodium foods include: bacon, BBQ
sauce, chips, crackers, hot dogs, processed
meats, ketchup, canned meat & mustard.
• Include flax, soy, canola, olive, & fish oils
in your diet
– Help to lower bad cholesterol (LDL) &
increase good cholesterol (HDL)
How to Limit Fat Intake
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Limit your intake of cooked lean
meat, poultry, & fish.
Broil, bake, or steam foods rather
than fry.
Trim fat from meats before
cooking
Trim fat from poultry before
cooking.
Limit intake of egg yolks, consider
egg substitute.
Limit intake of high-fat processed
meats (bologna, & hot dogs)
Substitute fruits & low-fat yogurt
for high-fat desserts.
• Substitute turkey, such as
turkey hot dogs & turkey
chili for red meat.
• Substitute nonfat or lowfat dairy products for
whole milk dair products,
such as low-fat yogurt for
ice cream, skim milk for
whole milk, reduced-fat
mayonnaise for regular
mayonnaise, etc.
• Substitute fruits &
vegetables for high-fat
snack such as potato
chips
Diet & Osteoporosis
• Osteoporosis: A disease characterized by
low bone mass & deterioration of bone
tissue.
– Causes bones to become brittle & fracture
easily.
– Females are ten times more likely to have
severe osteoporosis than are males.
What to Know About Diet & Osteoporosis
• Calcium & phosphorus form the hard substance
in bone
– Adolescence is a time when inadequate calcium
intake can contribute to osteoporosis later in life.
– Bones approach maximum density during childhood,
adolescence & young adulthood, so consuming
enough calcium during those periods in crucial.
• Other ways to avoid osteoporosis
– Engage in weight-bearing exercise.
– Avoid smoking
– Utilize bone density testing & medications when
appropriate.
What to Know About Diet & Osteoporosis
(continued)
• Bone Loss
– Bone mass typically peaks between 25-35 in
both men & women.
– Average bone loss for women before
menopause is 1-1.25% a year and 3-4% after
menopause.
• Heart Disease & Hormonal Treatment
Diet, Diabetes, & Hypoglycemia
• Diabetes: A disease in which the body
either produces little or no insulin or
cannot properly use insulin.
• Insulin: A hormone that regulates the blood
sugar level.
• Without treatment, a person with diabetes
will have high blood sugar.
• Being overweight increases your risk of
developing one form of diabetes.
• Diabetes is treated with diet, exercise,
medications, or insulin.
What to Know About Diet, Diabetes, &
Hypoglycemia
• Dealing with Diabetes
– Physician & dietitians work with diabetics to make a plan.
– Plans may include eating complex carbs & limiting simple carbs,
eating six small meals per day, & regular exams and blood sugar
testing.
• Who is at Risk?
– Associated with increased risk of blindness, cardiovascular
disease, kidney failure, gangrene, amputation of toes & legs, &
premature death.
– Lack of physical activity, & obesity increase the risk for diabetes.
– Early signs: frequent urination, excessive thirst, cravings for
sweets, & weakness.
Hypoglycemia
• A condition in which there is too much insulin in
the body, causing the blood sugar to be low.
• Guidelines for People with Hypoglycemia
– Eat complex carbohydrates & protein to provide longlasting energy.
– Limit the amounts of sweets. Simple sugars increase
blood sugar and the need for insulin.
– Eat 6 small meals per day to maintain a constant
blood sugar level.
– Have regular exams to test blood sugar & reevaluate
diet.
– Maintain a desirable weight.
Food Allergies & Intolerances
• Food Allergy: An abnormal response to
food that is triggered by the immune
system.
• Most common food allergies: nuts,
shellfish, eggs, fish
• Symptoms: diarrhea, swelling, sneezing,
itching, & nausea.
Food Intolerances
• An abnormal response to food that is not caused by the
immune system.
• Lactase Deficiency: A condition in which lactase, an
enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar present in the
cells of the small intestine, is missing.
• Lactose intolerance: The inability to digest lactose.
• Celiac Disease: A condition in which a person is
intolerant to gluten.
– Gluten is a part of wheat, rye, barley & certain other grains.
– Symptoms: tiredness, breathlessness, weight loss, diarrhea,
vomiting, & abdominal pain.
– MSG