Download ANSWER KEY Columbus, 1930

ANSWER KEY
Columbus, 1930
Why was the LeVeque Tower built?
The LeVeque Tower was built to be a home for the offices of an insurance company for working families.
This was the first purpose of the building. The tower once was known as the American Insurance Union
Citadel (a citadel is a fort or a place of strength for defense). In the 1920s when the building was built
only rich people could afford insurance to help their families in case the head of the family died. This
insurance company made it possible for working families or average people to afford insurance. The
insurance company was in a smaller building on this site, but the head of the company, John Lentz, had
big dreams that his insurance company would grow. He proposed a large building. He helped everyone
in Columbus get excited about the project so people wanted it built to show Columbus was modern and
growing. The LeVeque Tower also rented offices to other companies and created 600 rooms for the
hotel next door, the Deshler Hotel. A small bridge that looked like bridge from ancient Italy connected
the two buildings. The second reason for the building is that it was built to be a symbol of civic pride.
This means the city was proud to be able to build a modern skyscraper. Columbus’s first skyscraper, the
Wyandotte Building, was a beautiful brick building across the street from the American Insurance Union
Citadel but was smaller. When completed, the American Insurance Union Citadel was 555 feet and 6
inches tall—5 inches taller than the Washington Monument in Washington. D.C. It was once the fifth
largest building in the world, since it was finished before the Empire State Building in New York. The
outside and inside were covered in symbols of art from around the world. Later the building was
renamed the LeVeque Lincoln Tower for two later owners, and eventually renamed the LeVeque Tower
for the remaining partner.
Why did workers (called sand hogs) often suffer from illnesses deep sea divers get?
The foundation of the LeVeque Tower is very deep in the ground, and for the workers who excavated
the foundation it was as if they were working deep in the oceans like deep sea divers. In fact, workers
(sometimes called sandhogs because they had also worked in creating tunnels under the waters around
New York) travelled so far down into the earth, they could suffer from decompression sickness (or
bends) because their blood had more nitrogen than oxygen. Workers could work only 30 minutes below
ground before returning to street level. There was a hospital on site to treat workers who suffered from
“bends” The deep foundation of the building was necessary because the LeVeque is located close to the
river on soft soil. In New York City, the tall buildings are built into the rock of Manhattan Island.
Did anyone die in the construction?
Yes, five men died. One was worker who fell from scaffolding. Four were workers who were overcome
by “black damp” or a poison gas.
Why are there animals and figures on the outside (of the LeVeque Tower)?
The style of the building is Art Deco which became popular from the 1920s through the 1940s. The style
first appeared in France. The style is considered modern (ignoring older forms of architecture) and is
geometric and ornate (richly decorated). The animals and figures were used to make the outside of the
building more beautiful and to “show off” the style of the building. The building’s decorations include
owls, eagles, ibis, cranes, and symbols from Aztec, Mayan, Christian, and other cultures—including
different races of people. All of the decoration made the building special and honored the purpose of
the building—for the average working family.
What is terra cotta?
Terra cotta is a baked clay title that is very durable. The LeVeque is covered in many pieces of individual
white shag oak bark terra cotta. This means the surface of the building is covered in individual clay tiles
that resemble the bark of a white oak tree. This made the building “self cleaning” because the rain
washed the clay tiles clean.
Columbus, 2012
How is a skyscraper different from a tall building?
A tall building may be built from stacking layers of stones upon each other. This type of tall building has
to have a large base of stone or brick in order to make the building stand straight. A skyscraper can be
made much taller because it has a steel construction or framework and the stones or bricks or other
outside construction materials hang from the framework. Skyscraper construction started in Chicago
after the great fire of 1871 destroyed much of the city. Skyscrapers are associated with cities where the
cost of land is higher and people build up more than they build out.
What is the oldest skyscraper in Columbus?
The Wyandotte Building at 21 West Broad, across the LeVeque Tower, is the oldest skyscraper in
Columbus. Built in 1898, it is twelve stories high and was designed by the famous Daniel Burnham,
architect from Chicago. It is considered to be a Chicago-style skyscraper because it has many windows
that are designed to allow a great deal of air and sunshine into each of the offices.
What buildings in 2012 were in the city in 1930?
There are a number of buildings in the downtown that date from the 1930s as you can see from the
drawings in the activity book. They include City Hall, the LeVeque Tower, the Wyandotte Building, the
Ohio Departments Building (today the Supreme Court), the old Police Station, the Ohio Statehouse, the
Atlas Building, the former Lazarus department store, the Ohio Theatre, the Palace Theatre, the Lincoln
Theatre, the Main Library, and others.
How did the 1913 flood change the downtown?
The 1913 destroyed the west side of Columbus when the Scioto River and the Olentangy River flooded in
March 1913. The two rivers come together downtown. The ground was frozen and heavy rains filled the
rivers to overflowing. The land on the west side is much lower than the land on the east side of the
Scioto River. Before the flood, there were many industries and factories that used the river as if it were a
sewer pipe for industrial wastes. In addition, a number of poor people lived along the river, and they
had no choice but to use the river to dispose of wastes. There had been plans to make the river a
cleaner waterway and to get rid of the polluting businesses before 1913. Because of the flood, people in
Columbus and architects began to plan a new type of downtown look to replace the old downtown.
What does the word “Scioto” mean?
It is said “Scioto” is a Native American word meaning “hairy place” and was so named because of the
many herds of deer who crossed the river, leaving their fur on the water.
Columbus City Hall, 1928
Where did the statue of Christopher Columbus come from? Who made it?
The statue was made in Italy and was a gift to the people of Columbus in the 1950s from the people of
Genoa, Italy. Columbus also made a gift to Genoa, Italy—three large sculptures that represented
Columbus’s ships—the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The base of the sculpture is made of
concrete and the sand to make the concrete was taken from the beach of San Salvador where Columbus
first landed in 1492. The artist for the Columbus statue was known often for his more abstract sculpture
in which he did not always chose to show people realistically. Perhaps that is why Columbus is shown
with large hands and feet. It is estimated that if the statue were the height of a person, he would be
wearing size 22 shoes.
Columbus’ Santa Maria, 1991
Is this really Christopher Columbus’ ship? Why is it here? Why was the term “Indian” given to the
peoples of North, Central, and South America?
This is a full-size replica (copy) of the Santa Maria, built for the 500th anniversary of Columbus’s voyage
to the “New World” (1492). The term “Indian” was used to describe the many tribes who lived in the
Americas. Although many people would have guessed that Columbus had not reached India, no one in
Europe was quite sure where Columbus was. Even after others later explored the coast of North
America, many explorers and mapmakers assumed that North America was made up of islands or small
pieces of land—certainly not a very large continent like North America! The term “Indian” or “American
Indian” continued to be used to describe the original inhabitants of the continent. Canadians do not use
the term “Indian” but use the term “First Peoples.”
Ohio Statehouse, 1861
Why were prisoners from the Ohio Penitentiary used as workers (for the building of the Ohio
Statehouse)?
In the 1830s when the Statehouse was started, there were not many people living in Columbus, and
certainly not enough to pay for their labor. The State of Ohio would not have had enough money to pay
to build the statehouse if they had to pay wages. It was also considered acceptable to make prisoners at
the state penitentiary work since the state was paying to house and feed them through their prison
terms. The architect and those who oversaw the work of the prisoners were paid for their services.
Where did the stone come from?
The stone came from the quarries located on the west side of Columbus and were brought to the site by
laying track from the quarry to the statehouse site. The quarries were owned by Lucas Sullivant,
founder of Franklinton and the original founder of the first settlement in Central Ohio, Franklinton. The
quarries are still there and are sometimes referred to as the Marble Cliff quarries. More than 100 years
later, the quarries were again reopened in the exact spot for stone to be used in the restoration of the
Ohio Statehouse in the 20th century. If you look closely at the stones (easiest to see on the front steps of
the Statehouse), you can see fossils in the limestone.
Did President Lincoln visit here?
Yes, President Lincoln was at the Statehouse on several occasions. He made a speech on the steps of the
east side of the Statehouse. Today there is a plaque on a pillar in the atrium to mark where he stood.
After he was assassinated, his body also laid in state in the rotunda of the Statehouse. His body was
carried here on a special train and was being taken back to Springfield, Illinois to be buried. Thousands
of people from Columbus came to pay their respects.
Why did some people not like the top of the Statehouse?
The Ohio Statehouse is a very early example of what a new state in the Union wanted its major
government building to look like. Ohio became a state in 1803. In other states, it was popular to build a
large building with a dome (like the United States Capitol). There were several architects who worked on
the building, and some of the drawings showed a dome on top of the building. However, the final design
is much smaller, and some people have said that it looked like a “cheese box.” However, others, like the
famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright, considered it to be an unusual and very beautiful top to the
building.
Bricker Building, 1912
Why and when did the building (of Bricker Building) double in size?
The building was originally built (1884-1897) to be the United States Post Office and Courthouse, home
for many offices for the federal government in Columbus. The federal government oversees many
different duties—the post office, taxes, and federal laws, and the original building (half the size of the
present building) had courtrooms, a place to buy postage stamps and mail packages, and even a jail.
Within a short period of time, more space was needed. Instead of just enlarging the building, the
building was doubled in size but also changed in style. By 1912, the building had changed from being
Romanesque Revival (with many round arched windows) into a Victorian Gothic Style building with
rearranged windows and pointed arched entrances.
Why was there a jail inside?
It is said that the jail was there to imprison people who did not pay their taxes, but the building was built
and enlarged before there was a federal income tax. The jail was probably designed to hold anyone
awaiting trial in the federal court.
Is it still there?
Yes. Though it is not used.
What is the purpose of the building now?
The law firm, which is presently in the building, renovated and preserved the building.
Supreme Court, 1933 and Scioto Mile, 2012
What is Art Deco?
Art Deco is a style of architecture which was popular from the 1920s through the 1940s. It often
features geometric designs (see LeVeque Tower description).
Where does the Scioto Mile start and end?
The Scioto Mile stretches along the west bank of the Scioto River from the North Bank Park (around Neil
Avenue) to Bicentennial Park (near the Cultural Arts Center).
What enjoyments can be found along the Scioto Mile?
There is a restaurant, a water park, places to sit (and even swing) and enjoy the river, public art, historic
markers, memorials to the firefighters of Columbus and to the Italian community, a children’s sculpture
park, a building that can be rented for weddings and other occasions, and the summer dock for the
Santa Maria replica ship.
Lincoln Theater, 1928
What does “neo” mean (neo-Egyptian)?
“Neo” means “new,” and neo-Egyptian would mean a new artistic interpretation of the ancient style of
the Egyptian people. It is also called Egyptian Revival style. Original Egyptian architecture would feature
columns with wide bases, decorations with points and other geometric figures, and colors like red,
purple, bright blue, and gold. Neo-Egyptian style would use these forms and colors in different materials
and perhaps in different ways that might be found in Egypt. In addition, there are stenciled paintings of
roosters, ostriches, ducks, urns, and palms.
Why is this style special to the Lincoln Theater?
The Lincoln Theater, originally named the Ogden Theater, opened on Thanksgiving Day, 1929. The
building was designed to have a theater, four store front businesses, a ballroom, and offices for a lodge
(men’s organization) that helped build it. The architect was most likely Carl Anderson who owned a
construction company in Dayton, Ohio and who was responsible for constructing St. Paul’s African
Methodist Episcopal Church which is also nearby on Long Street. Because the theater was designed by
an African American, was famous for live musical acts by African American entertainers, and was located
in the heart of the east side’s African American community, the building’s special style of Neo-Egyptian
is very fitting since the architect reached back to Egypt, the ancient culture of Africa, for inspiration.
Metropolitan Library, 1907
Why did Andrew Carnegie give John Pugh money to build the Columbus Metropolitan Library?
Andrew Carnegie was a rich man who had made his fortune in the steel industry in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was famous as a philanthropist (a person who
gives money to charities and institutions that help others). Carnegie made a point of giving money to
build libraries—from big cities to little towns. Columbus had a library but it was part of the old city hall,
then located on State Street, where the Ohio Theater is today. The library part of the building was
located under a large room which was often used as a basketball court! The city of Columbus was
growing rapidly at the end of the 19th century. New people often came from small towns or from
Southern states and did not have much education. New immigrants from Europe were arriving who
were just learning English. Many people were not able to afford books or even able to send their
children to school. John Pugh, the librarian, traveled to Pittsburgh to meet with Andrew Carnegie and
was almost turned away because Carnegie had built many libraries already. However, as the story goes,
John Pugh, who was Welsh by nationality, was overheard speaking in Welsh by Andrew Carnegie, who
was himself an immigrant. Pugh was invited to present his ideas as to why Columbus needed a real
library, and Carnegie was convinced when he saw Pugh’s arguments for the library. Columbus was in the
midst of a great deal of immigration and migration. Carnegie agreed to give 200,000 dollars to build the
library. The city purchased a former mansion in 1901 for the site of the new library. However, there was
one major change. Originally, Pugh asked for enough money to build a brick library, but when he
returned to Columbus, city officials thought that would not do. Pugh was sent back to Pittsburgh to ask
for more money to build the library in marble. This was, of course, more expensive. Pugh was
embarrassed to ask, but Carnegie agreed immediately because it was a wiser investment of his money.
What do the words “My Treasures are Within” mean?
Carnegie chose his own architect, Albert Randolph Ross of New York, to be the architect of the
Columbus library. Ross had already built over 200 Carnegie libraries. Construction on the library started
in 1903 and was finished in 1908. What are the treasures that are in the building? Books, of course,
because books bring knowledge and education that are wise investments for one’s future. Unlike money
that can be lost, misused, or unwisely invested, education can never be taken away.
Franklin Park Conservatory, 1895
What does the word “horticulture” mean?
Horticulture is the based on the Latin words for garden and growing. “Horius” means “garden.”
“Cultura” means “culture” or “growing.” Horticulture is the art or science of growing orchards, flowers,
or vegetables.
In 1992, Franklin Park was the site of Ameriflora, a large celebration marking the 500 th anniversary of
what famous event?
Christopher Columbus made his famous voyage to North America in 1492. The year 1992 marked 500
years since his voyage. It was celebrated in Columbus, Ohio because Columbus is the largest city in the
United States named for Christopher Columbus.
Draw Your Home, School, or a Firehouse
Why don’t all houses look alike?
Think about it—do all people dress alike? Do they prefer the same foods? Do they like the same colors?
Many houses in one neighborhood may look somewhat the same if they were built in the same years or
by the same architect, but over time, people choose to paint their houses a different color from their
neighbors, add an addition or change the shape of a window, add a fence or garden, or even cover over
the original siding of the house from wood to aluminum or stone. Travel outside one neighborhood to
another, and the houses may change completely. They might be larger, connected together like a row
of houses, or even be stacked on top of each other (an apartment building). Houses are different
because of when they were built, who designed the house, what materials might have been available at
the time, new methods of construction, and individual preferences in style and design. You could draw
your home, your school, or a firehouse (because Columbus has so many of its original firehouses, there
seems to be one in every neighborhood)—but you could also draw what you would like your own house
to look like in the future.
Why do some buildings have towers and others have smooth walls and more glass?
If you decided to draw your house in the future, would it have towers? Towers were once built on the
houses of rich people who knew it made their house look move expensive or who wanted to enjoy the
view over their neighborhood. In Europe, houses with towers were built as watch towers to see if an
enemy was approaching. Styles change over time. In the 20th and 21st century, many houses and
buildings can use different methods of construction that were not available before. Remember the
definition of a skyscraper? It is not just a tall building, but a building with a steel skeleton. This means
the walls hang off the building and allows for the use of much more glass. Today, different construction
methods and personal taste for different styles (or parts of different styles) show that buildings can look
very different from one another.
Union Station, 1896
What group was formed in 1977 to help inform the public about the importance of historic buildings?
When the Union Station was demolished in 1977, many people were saddened or angry about the loss
of such a beautiful and historic building. A group of private citizens came together to form the Columbus
Landmarks Foundation to help teach about the importance of historic buildings and to speak out for the
reuse or restoration of historic buildings and neighborhoods.
Avondale School, 1891
What is a tower? What was its purpose?
A tower may be decorative—meaning it does not have a purpose but is very pleasing to look at or adds
to the design of the building. However, on schools, towers did have a purpose. Because of their height
and construction, towers allowed fresh air to come into the school and circulate through the classrooms
and halls. If the windows were also open, the fresh air was carried throughout the building. This was
very important at the time. People realized that fresh air was one way to combat illnesses such as
tuberculosis. People felt that fresh air helped to clear the lungs. They sometimes added upstairs
porches to the backs of their houses where they would sleep out—even in the winter under piles of
blankets.
Why were school buildings in the 19th century built of brick and with richly detailed windows and
stone trimmings?
Schools were the pride of their neighborhoods. Schools represented the highest hopes of a community
for their children. When visitors came through a community, places of worship and schools were often
the most beautiful buildings, and the community or city wanted to send the message that they prized
their children and education very highly. The architecture of a school and the details (such as sayings
carved above the doors and windows or in the auditorium of the school) were also another means of
teaching. If a child went to an elementary or high school that looked like a college building, this was a
reminder that education should be continued at a university. Words carved in stone were sometimes
taken from some of Ohio’s most famous documents (like the Northwest Ordinance) or were chosen to
emphasize important values (truth, knowledge, virtue). In Columbus, the size of schools, the use of good
materials of strength and durability, and the added details all showed that going to school was the
important first step to being an informed citizen. At the same time, in the 1880s and 1890s, new laws
were passed by the state of Ohio to make it compulsory (meaning a person was ordered to) for children
aged 8-14 to attend school.
What happened to Avondale and other West Side schools in the 1913 flood?
Many schools on the West Side were lost or seriously damaged by the 1913 flood. Seven school
buildings, including Avondale, were put out of use. Almost 100 people died in the flood in Columbus,
including twenty-three students, five of whom were students at Avondale.
Why has Columbus City schools chosen to rehabilitate and expand many of its historic schools like
Avondale?
Columbus has many historic school buildings. The Columbus City Schools worked with the Ohio
Historical Society and the Columbus Landmarks Foundation to preserve many of these buildings with
money from the Ohio legislature. They chose to rehabilitate (“bring them back to new” and expand
them) rather than demolish them. In many cases, this preserved the building, improved it, and saved
taxpayers money. Avondale was one of ten historic elementary buildings built in the 19th century.
The Ohio State University, Orton Hall, 1893
What does a geologist study?
A geologist studies the earth—its rocks, fossils, and formations of the layers of the earth. The Orton Hall
building is a study in geology with the oldest rocks forming the bottom of the building and its foundation
and new layers of rock rise above the foundation in the order they are found in nature.
The Ohio State University, OSU Armory, 1898
Who was William Neil?
William Neil was an early Columbus resident who made a fortune as the owner of a stagecoach
company, hotel owner, land developer, and a property owner. His wife, Hannah, was a very religious
woman who was a charitable woman, helping the poor and needy.
Why was his farm chosen for the college?
William Neil owned a great deal of land in Columbus. He owned most of the north side of Columbus,
including what would be today all of the land of The Ohio State University and the Ohio Fairgrounds.
When the board of trustees for the new Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Ohio State)
were looking for a place to build the new land grant college, they were impressed by the location of the
Neil Farm, the drinking water from the artesian (underground) spring (now Mirror Lake), and Mr. Neil’s
willingness to sell. Neil had already made provisions for his children to own much of the land around
what would be Ohio State, and once he died, his children’s land would be more valuable.
What is a land grant college? How is it different from other colleges?
A college is an institution of higher learning. A college might be founded by private wealthy individuals
or by religious groups. A land grant college is also an institution of higher learning, but it was founded on
land or money given by the United States government and supported by a state government. The
purpose of the land grant college in the 19th century was to offer classes in agriculture and mechanical
arts (meaning having to do with machinery). Today Ohio State is the largest land grant college
(university) in the United States and teaches much more than agriculture and mechanical arts.
What is an armory?
An armory is a building designed to hold “arms,” small weapons such as rifles for training soldiers. The
armory at Ohio State was designed to also be a place for drilling, sports, graduations, and large
gatherings.
What happened to the Armory in 1958?
It burned to the ground and was not rebuilt.
Does the Wexner Center look like the old Armory?
The Armory was designed by architect Frank Packard to look like a large castle. In 1989 the Wexner
Center for the Arts was built on the former site of the Armory. The Wexner Center was built to have a
resemblance to the old castle-like Armory because the local architect, Richard Trott, passed the empty
site for many years, remembering the old building. Trott’s partners were Eisenman, Robertson of New
York, and together they won the international design competition for the building.
White Castle, 1930s
How does the architecture of the building reflect the name?
If a building had a business called White Castle, it would make sense that the building was designed to
look like a white castle. McDonald’s restaurants often have golden arches that are part of the building.
Mexican and Italian restaurants are sometimes built or remade to look like buildings that would be
found in Mexico or Italy. In the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s it became popular for some buildings to be
built in such unusual ways that they became known by tourists and are called “roadside architecture.”
Buildings were constructed to resemble dogs, ducks, coffee pots, elephants, and even a man’s hat. If this
interests you, you could make a list of all the buildings you see in Columbus that you think have been
designed to resemble their name or search for other examples of “roadside architecture.” They are
often found in places where many tourists visit.
What is porcelain? Why was it white in color?
Porcelain is like a type of clay that, after it is baked, becomes hard, white, and glazed looking—like a
piece of china (like a dish). White Castles started in small buildings of white brick. The color white was to
remind people the restaurants were very clean both inside and out. The buildings were made to look
like small castles to reinforce the name of the restaurant. The first White Castles were built in 1921 in
Kansas, but the headquarters of White Castle moved to Columbus in 1934—many people were driving
cars or took the streetcars. It was easy to see a White Castle. The castle-like buildings also suggested
that the business and the building were here to stay. Over time, White Castles were no longer built of
brick but of white enamel panels that looked like porcelain.
Columbus Foundation, 1904
What makes a home a mansion?
The word “mansion” was used to refer to a very large house that was set on a great amount of land or
estate. However, the word was also used to mean a very large and very ornate house in a city, usually
belonging to a wealthy person. In New York City, many mansions were built by rich people in the late
19th century and early 20th century. They were so large they needed many servants. Cities like Columbus,
often had mansions on streets where wealthy people lived—Broad Street, Bryden Road, and others.
However, sometimes today when a wealthy person tears down an older large home or mansion and
builds a new one, others might call it a “McMansion.” This means that it is a house but was built so
quickly and with fewer good materials than the old house, it is more like a McDonald’s restaurant—built
to just show off and bring attention to itself. On the other hand, there is a saying that “every man’s
home is his castle.” This means that if you are safe, secure, and like your house, it is like a castle to you.
The same might be said of a mansion—every person’s home is their mansion.
What is regalia and why was it popular in the early 20th century?
Regalia means the decorations that are on a uniform—the fancy buttons, cords, shoulder pads, and
patches on the clothing that makes it easy to identify what the uniform is for. If a soldier’s uniform has
regalia, it identifies him or her as part of an army of a certain country. If a band member’s uniform is
decorated with regalia, it shows he or she is marching with others for a school or college. Think of what
uniforms look like for The Ohio State marching band. In the early 20th century, the first owner of the
building that became the Governor’s Mansion (later the Columbus Foundation) made a fortune because
he made regalia for uniforms around the country. It was a time when men’s clubs or fraternities often
dressed alike to march together, and it was a time when marching bands were becoming popular—not
just for schools but for community bands. In addition, decorated uniforms were popular because of the
many wars that involved the United States. Even if there was no war, wearing a uniform was popular for
patriotic holidays, band concerts, and parades.
What other buildings did Mr. Packard design?
Frank Packard designed many other interesting and unusual buildings in Columbus (and elsewhere too!).
He designed the Seneca Hotel on Grant Street, the Peter Sells Circus house near Goodale Park, the
Toledo and Ohio Railroad Station (now the Firefighters’ Union Hall), North High School, and several
buildings at Ohio State—Hayes Hall, Orton Hall, and the Armory—with the help of his partner, Mr. Yost.
Packard was also a major force in designing the downtown’s riverfront after the 1913 flood. In addition,
he designed houses, courthouses (like the one in Wood County Ohio), and office buildings. Mr.
Packard’s life and his work would be an excellent research project for school.
What does it mean if a building is on the National Register of Historic Places? How is this different
than a building being a National Historic Landmark?
There are many buildings and neighborhoods in Columbus on the National Register of Historic Places.
There are also Columbus schools on the National Register of Historic Places. To having a building or site
placed on the National Register, the building or site should be significant for its history, architecture, or
people associated with the site. The Ohio Historical Society helps to review applications and send them
to Washington, D.C. for approval from the National Park Services. It is a great honor to be on the
National Register for Historic Places. However, it is a special honor to be chosen as a National Historic
Landmark. There are over 70 such sites in Ohio and only three in Columbus. These three include the
Ohio Statehouse, the Ohio Theatre, and Eddie Rickenbacker’s House on Livingston Avenue. All three are
in your Bicentennial Columbus—History and Architecture Activity Book. These three buildings are
important also to the history of the United States! Research these three buildings for more details as to
how they contributed to the history of Ohio and the United States. Do you think there may be other
buildings in Columbus that should have this honor?