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K omyo -j i Tem p l e , TA DAO A N D O Te c h n i s c h e U n i v e r s i t e i t E i n d h o v e n 14-05-2012 Professor: ir. T. Veeger Wr itten by : Teodora Cirjan, S ara N ikouyeh, Ülk ü O guzk ur t SAIJO 2 TA D A O A N D O Table of contents 4 INTRODUCTION ________ 5 7 KOMYO-JI TEMPLE ________ 9 MATERIAL AND WATER ________ 10 LIGHT AND SHADOW ________ 14 BIBLIOGRAPHY ________ TADAO ANDO ________ K O M Y O - J I T E M P L E , J A PA N 3 INTRODUCTION Komyo-ji is a new temple which is renovated from a 250 year old structure. The temple consists of a square laminated wood structure that is an interpretation of traditional Japanese temple architecture. Ando’s design idea for this project as he said was: “A main building of wood, shrouded in gentle light and floating over water.”1 The Komyo-ji temple is one of the works of Tadao Ando that is less known when it’s the discussion about light. The Church of light seems to be a very successful and highlighted work of Ando.The reason why we chose to analyse the Komyo-ji temple is because of its wooden structure that is different from Ando’s usual language of concrete constructions. We started modeling the temple to witness the role of light in this wooden structure and to realize the quality of light in combination with wood and the surrounding water. The night visualization was also important and wonderful to see how the lights from inside the temple reflect on the water surface around the temple. This creates an united piece of architecture. 4 1 Komyo-ji temple by night _________________________ 1 http://www.faithnform.com TA D A O A N D O TADAO ANDO Tadao Ando was born in 1941 in Osaka, Japan. He seems to be one of the most successful uneducated architects of the time. When he was 15 years old he became interested in architecture and studied the sketches of a book he bought from Le Corbusier. He learned the finest of architecture in his own way outside classrooms and universities. He started architecture by seeing the original buildings and read about them in books. After a lot of travels to Europe, United states and Africa he started his own design ideas and along with that he became the winner of many prestigious awards, when in 1969 he founded Tadao Ando Architectural & Associates in Osaka. Now he is one of the most successful contemporary architects in the world and is famous for designing with the respect to nature and by using the natural materials such as light and water. It seems that materiality, tactility and emptiness are the features of his works. “The first impression of his architecture is its materiality. His large and powerful walls set a limit. A second impression of his work is the tactility. His hard walls seem soft to touch, admit light, wind and stillness. Third impression is the emptiness, because only light space surround the visitor in Tadao Ando ‘s building.” 2 2 Tadao Ando _________________________ 2 http://architect.architecture.sk K O M Y O - J I T E M P L E , J A PA N 5 TADAO ANDO Ando’s works consists of simple forms and in the same time as complex as possible when he mentioned himself indebted to Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe. His most remarkable works are the religious buildings such as the Church of light and the water temple. Although it seems that he is much influenced by Japanese architecture he creates spaces of enclosure rather than open spaces. His architecture is characterized with the use of reinforced concrete, with geometric simplicity and spatial articulation by using light, water and nature itself. Water temple, Awaji Komyo-ji temple, Sajio 5 The Church of light, Osaka 6 4 3 TA D A O A N D O 6 Komyo-ji temple dancing on the water surface KOMYO-JI TEMPLE The Komyo-ji temple is a reconstruction of the temple of the pure land Buddhist dating from the Edo period (1606-1867). The temple is situated in the eastern part of Sajio city in Ehime Prefecture. It is a small city on an Inland sea with a mild climate. The city is known as a gateway to Mount Ishizuchi with at 1,982 meters the highest mountain in Western Japan and is crossed by a network of canals carrying fresh mountain water. As in the meantime there is no religious use for the temple, the temple’s chief priest had no particular requests concerning the architecture. He simply expressed that the temple “should be a place where people can come together; a temple open to the community”. After 250 years of the construction of the main temple, the decision of renovating and reconstructing the temple as well as constructing a guest room, offices and housing for monks came true. There was no specific role for designing the temple, so Ando referred to the original temple and tried to preserve the _________________________ 3 http://www.theplan.it cent additional volumes for community meeting space and offices and housing for monks are constructed in concrete. A large open space has been created filled with natural light roofed by three layers of crossed beams supported by sixteen columns, divided into four parts. The space has a floor covered by hundred mats and is bordered by a glass screen and surrounded by an outer wall consisting of poles measuring 15 x 21 cm, they are set 15 cm apart and separated by glass in between. After passing through the hall of the building, the visitors pass through a bridge and walk over natural spring water that surrounds the temple. 7 Drawings of the Komyo-ji temple The main wooden construction Japanese architecture tradition with assembling the wooden elements and the theme of unity. The temple has a square laminated wood structure that is a version of traditional Japanese architecture. Although it seems to be different from Ando‘s usual architecture with monolithic concrete constructions, the adja- K O M Y O - J I T E M P L E , J A PA N 8 7 KOMYO-JI TEMPLE The visitors can walk around the temple through a corridor between the inner part which is defined as a wooden screen of frosted glass, and the outer façade. This space is an intermediate seperation between the inside and the outside. The light goes through the glass between the woods in the outer façade and creates rhythmic shadows on the wooden floor of the corridor, this is an amazing play of light during the daytime. The effects of light and the remarkable forms of shadow which is created by the effect of wood, are emphasized by the water around the temple, which increases the sacred soul of the temple. At night the temple changes into a mystical appearance when the light from the interior is reflected on the water surface around the temple. The water around the temple plays a strong role in making this design as a sacred space, by reflecting the wooden structure. On the concrete walls of the new volumes of housing and offices are also shadows created. The surrounding areas maintained without touch and the stones and the trees are remained. Although with the permission given to Ando to demolish the pavilion and entrance he saved them to preserve the original geometry of the site and to create a path that winds around the pavilion. All in all creates a poem with a combination of wood, light and water. 9 Interior of the temple 10 Japanese tradition of wood 8 _________________________ 4 www.floornature.com TA D A O A N D O Tadao Ando himself noted ”once the project was completed, that the unplanned elements fit perfectly into the context, increasing its value and creating effects of depth in the architectural spaces, and that the design of the building evolved bit by bit, without following any prior plan, gradually rediscovering the value of memory of tradition and the mystic essence of the place in a progressive dialogue with context which gradually took form in the process of definition of the architecture. “ MATERIAL AND WATER Natural light filters through into the main area. The floor which is covered by straw mats to create an open, luminous space. From the outside it is possible to perceive vaguely what takes place inside. For this design Ando uses wood together with water. The wooden building is cloaked in light and appearing to float on the water. He emphasises the importance of water by reflecting its appearance into it. The temple is serene and at the same time dynamic. Together with the wind the temple is dancing on the water surface. It is a poetic game between materials and light. Facade contruction model K O M Y O - J I T E M P L E , J A PA N Soft reflections from the interior 9 LIGHT AND SHADOW For the model we used wooden sticks to make the construction which contains of joints. The wooden slats in the facade together with the light coming from the outside creates a light game in the corridor which changes every time of the day. At night the building changes with light coming from its interior it creates a soft, vague, mystical reflection on the surface of the water. By looking to the façade by night it seems like looking at harmonious infinity. A lot of wooden parts are cut for a single building. The building takes shape as these parts are assembled and fitted together. Ando wanted to create a space that would return to the origins of wooden architecture. The building became a single structure made from multiple parts, each full of tension. Though Ando uses a lot of elements, he succeeded to create a calm and at the same time in a nice way distracting total. A single structure made from multiple parts 10 TA D A O A N D O LIGHT AND SHADOW K O M Y O - J I T E M P L E , J A PA N 11 LIGHT AND SHADOW Changing light game 12 TA D A O A N D O LIGHT AND SHADOW The temple during night K O M Y O - J I T E M P L E , J A PA N 13 Bibliography Websites: http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/komyoji/index.htm 1. http://www.faithnform.com/features/39_2_ando/index.php2. http://mattycsmith.blogspot.com/2011/12/church-of-light.html 3. http://www.builderasia.com/tadao-ando/ 4. http://www.floornature.com/projects-commerce/project-tadao-ando-komyo-ji-saijo-temple-ehime-japan-4038/ 5. http://www.floornature.com/projects-commerce/project-tadao-ando-water-temple-ho mpuki-japan-1989-1991-4043/ 6. http://www.cen-zhang.com/ 7. http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/komyoji/index.htm 8. http://www.cen-zhang.com/ 9. http://www.floornature.com/projects-commerce/project-tadao-ando-komyo-ji-saijo-temple-ehime-japan-4038/ 10. http://www.floornature.com/projects-commerce/project-tadao-ando-komyo-ji-saijo-temple-ehime-japan-4038/ Books and articles: 1. Light in Japanese Architecture, Henry Plummer, 2003 2. A Temple Reborn, The Interfaith Journal on Religion, Art & Architecture, Volume 39, Issue 2: Feature Article 14 TA D A O A N D O K O M Y O - J I T E M P L E , J A PA N