Download Diseases of the Endocrine System

January 25, 2012
January 20, 2012 Day 2
Objective: Understand how the endocrine system
works by learning about diseases of the system
Homework: None
Bell Ringer:
1. What is the scientific name for the organs of the
endocrine system?
2. What is the scientific name for the chemicals the
endocrine system secretes?
January 25, 2012
Slide 1
• ENDOCRINE SYSTEM- ON A MOLECULAR LEVEL
The endocrine system is one of the more difficult systems you will
learn about in class. Most of the activities of the system are not
seen, and you probably do not know anything is happening.
Most of the early information about the endocrine system came from
studying things that went wrong with the system.
Even today, there are still many mysteries related to this system and
it’s activities.
The best description we can offer is to describe the endocrine system
as the chemical brother of the nervous system. While the nervous
system transmits information and instructions using electricity, the
endocrine system transmits information with chemicals.
January 25, 2012
Understand how the endocrine system
works by learning about diseases
of the system
January 25, 2012
http://www.linkstudio.info/images/portfolio/medani/Swallow.swf
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter26/animation__organs_of_digestion.html
January 25, 2012
Slide 2
WHAT DOES THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DO?
1. The endocrine system controls many of the biochemical
pathways that occur in your body.
2. The endocrine system produces hormones.
3. Your body uses dozens of hormones to regulate your
growth, digestion, body temperature, glucose metabolism (to
name a few).
January 25, 2012
Slide 3
The Major glands of the endocrine system are listed above. Most of
the endocrine organ names end in “Gland”.
NOTE: The hypothalamus, pancreas, ovaries and testes are also
glands.
January 25, 2012
Slide 4
Many glands in your body secrete
hormones into the blood
• The Pituitary gland in the based of your skull releases hormones
which control your blood pressure, your excretory system and
other glands
• The Thyroid gland in your neck controls your bone growth rate
and metabolism
• The adrenal gland above your kidneys release adrenalin if you
get excited.
• Endocrine glands are everywhere.
January 25, 2012
Slide 5
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Let’s look at some of the diseases of
the endocrine system and how they
affect the human body.
Dwarfism:
Results when the pituitary
gland does not produce enough
growth hormone. Deficiency in
children results in dwarfism.
Dwarfism features
· short stature
· growth failure.
Causes:
· mutations of genes, involving the
pituitary gland.
· Damage to the pituitary from
injury, surgery or disease
January 25, 2012
Slide 6
Gigantism
Gigantism occurs
when the pituitary
gland produces too
much growth
hormone.
January 25, 2012
Slide 7
January 25, 2012
Slide 7A
Radhouane Charbib born October 27, 1968) was recognized by the
Guinness Book of Records as the tallest living man,[1] until January
15, 2005 when Bao Xishun was measured at Chifeng City Hospital,
Inner Mongolia, China, and recorded as being 2 millimeters taller.
Thank you Levi for sharing your Guinness Book of World records 2004 from
which this picture was taken.
January 25, 2012
Gigantism When too much growth hormone is
produced after adulthood, abnormalities in
the facial bones is common..
The picture below is the same woman as
she got older.
Slide 8
January 25, 2012
Slide 9
Hypothyroidism
Too little thyroid hormone
• Common Symptoms
Low energy, fatigue, depression
Feeling cold
Muscle pain
Slowed thinking
Constipation
Weight gain
Dry and brittle skin, hair, nails
January 25, 2012
Slide 10
HYPOTHYROID BEFORE AND AFTER The photographs show how the patients’ appearance
dramatically changed after treatment with natural thyroid
hormone. Notice how treatment resolved the puffy face, the puffy
eyes, the thinning hair, and even the lips naturally turn up.
Before treatment
After treatment
January 25, 2012
Slide 11
Hypothyroidism in Dogs
January 25, 2012
Slide 12
Hyperthyroidism
Too much thyroid hormone
• Common Symptoms
Shaking, nervousness, irritability
Feeling hot
A rapid, irregular heartbeat
Muscle weakness, fatigue
More frequent bowel movements
Weight loss
Hair loss
January 25, 2012
Slide 13
Hyperthyroidism
Too much thyroid hormone
Enlarged thyroid gland
(known as goiter)
bulging eyes
January 25, 2012
Slide 14
Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland
that can be caused by a lack of iodine
in the diet.
Iodine is added to salt to
help prevent goiter
This woman had surgery to remove the thyroid gland.
January 25, 2012
Slide 15
Adrenal Glands
When faced with a stressful situation
the adrenal glands secrete adrenaline which
· increases the heart rate and breathing rate.
·
· This give more oxygen and glucose to
the cells so they can produce more energy.
January 25, 2012
Slide 16
The extra energy allows your body to be
able to …….
January 25, 2012
Slide 17
The hormone insulin comes from the pancreas, a gland located just
behind the stomach.
• When you eat, your pancreas secretes insulin into your
bloodstream.
• As insulin circulates, it acts like a key by unlocking
microscopic doors that allow sugar to enter your cells.
• Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream. As your
blood sugar level drops, so does the secretion of insulin from your
pancreas.
• Your liver acts as a glucose storage and manufacturing center. When
you haven't eaten in a while, for example, your liver releases stored
glucose to keep your glucose level within a normal range.
January 25, 2012
Diabetes occurs when the pancreas
does not produce enough insulin. The
cells do not get enough glucose and
the blood sugar levels get very
elevated.
Diabetes symptoms
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Increased thirst
frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Frequent infections
January 25, 2012
Slide 19
Testing for glucose in the blood
January 25, 2012
Slide 20
Reaction
time test: Remember that the
nervous system reacts much faster than the
endocrine system.
Test your own reaction time.
To begin, click on the picture below.
Records
0.03 sec BB DD
0.02 sec KF, HS, JA
0.01 sec DE, JF, MM, Tw, ST, MW