Download Objectives Endocrine System

Chapter 16
Endocrine System
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Functions of the
Endocrine System
The function of the endocrine system is to
regulate body activities through the use of
chemical messengers called hormones,
which when released into the bloodstream,
influence metabolic activities, growth, and
development. Maintenance of homeostasis
through feedback loops..
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The Endocrine System
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Endocrine Glands
pituitary: approximately the size of a pea
located at the base of the brain and is divided
into 2 lobes
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anterior lobe produces hormones
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growth hormone (GH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
gonadotropic: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing
hormone (LH)
prolactin or lactogenic hormone (PRI)
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Endocrine Glands (cont’d)
pituitary (cont’d)
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posterior lobe produces hormones (cont’d)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
„ oxytocin
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hypothalamus: located near the pituitary
gland in the brain; which secretes
“releasing” hormone that functions to
stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary
gland hormones
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Endocrine Glands (cont’d)
thyroid: largest endocrine gland located in
the neck below the larynx
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produces hormones
triiodothyronine (T3)
„ thyroxine (T4)
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parathyroid: four small bodies lying directly
behind the thyroid
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produces hormone
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parathormone (PTH)
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Endocrine Glands (cont’d)
islets of Langerhans: clusters of
endocrine tissue found throughout the
pancreas
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produces hormones
insulin
„ glucagon
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Endocrine Glands (cont’d)
adrenal glands: paired glands, one above
each kidney. The outer portion is called the
cortex, and the inner portion is called the
medulla.
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produces hormones
cortisol (hydrocortisone)
„ Aldosterone
„ epinephrine (adrenaline)
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Combining Forms for the
Endocrine System
aden/o
adren/o, adrenal/o
cortic/o
endocrin/o
parathyroid/o
thyroid/o, thyr/o
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Combining Forms Commonly for
the Endocrine System (cont’d)
acr/o
calc/i
dips/o
kal/i
natr/o
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Suffix
-drome
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Disease and Disorder Terms
Built from Word Parts
acromegaly
adenomalacia
adenomegaly
adrenalitis
adrenomegaly
calcipenia
hypercalcemia
hyperglycemia
hyperkalemia
hypocalcemia
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Helpful Information
hypocalcemia and calcipenia both mean
a deficiency of calcium
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(extremities / cv / (enlargement)
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Disease and Disorder Terms
Not Built from Word Parts
acidosis
Addison’s disease
cretinism
Cushing’s syndrome
diabetes insipidus (DI)
diabetes mellitus (DM)
gigantism
goiter
Graves’ disease
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Cushing Syndrome
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Goiter
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Surgical Terms Built
from Word Parts
adenectomy
adrenalectomy
parathyroidectomy
thyroidectomy
thyroidotomy
thyroparathyroidectomy
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Diagnostic Not Built
from Word Parts
Diagnostic imaging
radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)
„ thyroid scan
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Laboratory
fasting blood sugar (FBS)
„ thyroxine level (T4)
„ thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH)
„
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Complementary Terms Built
from Word Parts
adrenopathy
calcipenia
cortical
endocrinologist
endocrinology
endocrinopathy
polydipsia
syndrome
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Complementary Terms Not Built
from Word Parts
exophthalmos
hormone
metabolism
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Abbreviations
DI
DM
FBS
RAIU
T4
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