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Transcript
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Understanding the Sustainable
Development of Tourism
4
Marketing for Sustainable Tourism
Contents
The role of marketing in sustainable tourism
4
Sustainable tourism marketing strategies for DMOs
8
Sustainable marketing strategies for tourism firms
12
Monitoring and evaluation by tourism firms
21
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(G)
Published by Goodfellow Publishers Limited, Woodeaton, Oxford, OX3 9TJ
‘Ĵ™DZȦȦ ǯ˜˜Ž••˜ ™ž‹•’œ‘Ž›œǯŒ˜–
˜™¢›’‘ȱȚȱ˜˜Ž••˜ ȱž‹•’œ‘Ž›œȱŘŖŗŖ
••ȱ›’‘œȱ›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱ‹¢ȱ˜˜Ž••˜ ȱž‹•’œ‘Ž›œȱ’–’Žǯȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ™ž‹•’ŒŠ’˜—ǰȱ˜›ȱŠ—¢ȱ™Š›ȱ‘Ž›Ž˜ǰȱ
–Š¢ȱ—˜ȱ‹Žȱ›Ž™›˜žŒŽȱ˜›ȱ›Š—œ–’ĴŽȱ’—ȱŠ—¢ȱ˜›–ȱ˜›ȱ‹¢ȱŠ—¢ȱ–ŽŠ—œǰȱŽ•ŽŒ›˜—’Œȱ˜›ȱ–ŽŒ‘Š—’ŒŠ•ǰȱ’—Œ•ž’—ȱ
™‘˜˜Œ˜™¢’—ǰȱ›ŽŒ˜›’—ǰȱœ˜›ŠŽȱ’—ȱŠ—ȱ’—˜›–Š’˜—ȱ›Ž›’ŽŸŠ•ȱœ¢œŽ–ǰȱ˜›ȱ˜‘Ž› ’œŽǰȱ ’‘˜žȱ™›’˜›ȱ™Ž›–’œœ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™ž‹•’œ‘Ž›ǯ
Žœ’—ȱŠ—ȱœŽĴ’—ȱ‹¢ȱǯǯȱŒ›’Žȱ
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4
Marketing for Sustainable
Tourism
Tracey Firth
Rationale
The aim of this chapter is to introduce and discuss sustainable tourism as applied to
tourism and hospitality marketing. Students will explore the ways in which tourism and
hospitality marketing can play a more responsible part in tourism sustainability. ‘Marketing
is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need
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and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others’ (Kotler et al.,
2005: 13). It is concerned with determining consumer needs and preferences, creating
appropriate products, communicating information about products to consumers and
advertising their benefits, in a sustainable manner. The knowledge, ethics and attitudes of
stakeholders can have a major effect on the achievement of sustainable tourism objectives
within individual businesses and within the broader tourism destination.
For tourism development to have sustainable outcomes, business operations must be
sustainable. Sustainable development for business means ‘adopting business strategies and
activities that meet the needs of the enterprise and its stakeholders today while protecting,
sustaining, and enhancing the human and natural resources that will be needed in the
future’ (IISD (Institute for Sustainable Development), 1994: 4). This chapter identifies how
tourism marketing activities can contribute to the development of sustainable tourism.
Learning outcomes
After the completion of this chapter the student should be able to:
™ Apply the principles of sustainable tourism to the marketing of tourism
™ Identify sustainable tourism marketing practices from the destination management
organisation perspective
™ Identify sustainable tourism marketing practices from the tourism business perspective
™ Understand how the principles of sustainable tourism can be incorporated into the
Strategic Marketing Systems model
™ Understand how market intelligence and market research can be used to monitor
and evaluate destination and enterprise performance in progressing towards the
achievement of sustainable tourism marketing objectives.
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4: Marketing for Sustainable Tourism
17
ǻžŽ›ǰȱŘŖŖŗǼǯȱ‘’œȱ–ŽŠ—œȱ‘Šȱ‹žœ’—ŽœœŽœȱ–žœȱ’Ž—’¢ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱœŽ–Ž—œȱŠ›Žȱ–˜œȱ
Š™™›˜™›’ŠŽȱ ‹ŠœŽȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Ž’›ȱ ›ŠŸŽ•ȱ ‹Ž‘ŠŸ’˜ž›ȱ ’—Œ•ž’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ¢™Žœȱ ˜ȱ ™›˜žŒœȱ Š—ȱ
œŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽœȱ‘Ž¢ȱŽ–Š—ǰȱ‘Žȱ’–’—ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱŸ’œ’ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱž›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱœŠ¢ǯȱ‘ŽœŽȱ
ŠŒ˜›œȱ–žœȱŒ˜››Žœ™˜—ȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ›Žœ˜ž›ŒŽœȱŠŸŠ’•Š‹•ŽȱŠȱ‘ŽȱŽœ’—Š’˜—ǯ
Industry insight – The Green Passport Campaign
The Green Passport Campaign is an initiative of the International Task Force on Sustainable
Tourism Development aimed at accelerating the global shift towards sustainable consumption and production. The Green Passport website introduces travellers to some of the
things they can do to help make tourism a more sustainable activity.
(http://www.unep.fr/greenpassport/)
Product strategy
›˜žŒȱȁŒ˜–™›’œŽœȱ‘ŽȱŽœ’—Žȱœ‘Š™Žȱ˜›ȱ˜›–ȱ˜ȱŠȱœŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ˜ěŽ›ǰȱ˜›ȱ™›˜žŒȱŒ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›’œ’Œœǰȱ‘ŠȱŠȱ‹žœ’—Žœœȱ˜ěŽ›œȱ˜ȱŠ›ŽŽȱŒžœ˜–Ž›œȂȱǻ’•Ž˜—ȱŠ—ȱ
Š ”’—œǰȱ
ŗşşŞDZȱ ŗŗŗǼǯȱ —ȱ ›ŠŸŽ•ȱ Š—ȱ ˜ž›’œ–ǰȱ ™›˜žŒœȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ ˜ȱ ‹Žȱ ž—Ž›œ˜˜ȱ Šȱ  ˜ȱ •ŽŸŽ•œDZȱ
ꛜǰȱ‘Žȱ˜ŸŽ›Š••ȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱ™›˜žŒȱŒ˜–™›’œ’—ȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜žŒȦœŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱŽ•Ž–Ž—œȱŠȱ
Ÿ’œ’˜›ȱŒ˜—œž–Žœȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ’–Žȱ‘Ž¢ȱ•ŽŠŸŽȱ‘˜–Žȱ˜ȱ ‘Ž—ȱ‘Ž¢ȱ›Žž›—DzȱŠ—ȱœŽŒ˜—ǰȱ
œ™ŽŒ’ęŒǰȱ–Š’—•¢ȱŒ˜––Ž›Œ’Š•ȱ™›˜žŒœǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱŠ›ŽȱŒ˜–™˜—Ž—œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜ŸŽ›Š••ȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱ
Ž¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ–Š¢ȱ’—Œ•žŽȱŠŒŒ˜––˜Š’˜—ǰȱ›Š—œ™˜›ǰȱ˜˜ȱŠ—ȱ‹ŽŸŽ›ŠŽǰȱ
Š—ȱŠĴ›ŠŒ’˜—œǯ
‘Žȱ ŽœœŽ—ŒŽȱ ˜ȱ –Š›”Ž’—ȱ ’œȱ ˜ȱ Žœ’—ȱ Šȱ ™›˜žŒȱ ˜ȱ ęȱ ‘Žȱ –Š›”Žǯȱȱ ™›˜žŒȱ
œ›ŠŽ¢ȱ’œȱȁŒ˜—ŒŽ›—Žȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ˜ěŽ›’—ȱ˜ȱŠȱ›Š—Žȱ˜ȱ’쎛Ž—ȱ™›˜žŒœȱŠ—ȱœŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽœȱ˜ȱœŠ’œ¢ȱ–Š›”Žȱ—ŽŽœȂȱǻŽ ’œȱet alǯǰȱŗşşśDZȱŝşǼǯȱ‘Žȱ›˜ ’—ȱ—ž–‹Ž›ȱ˜ȱ›ŽŽ—ȱ
Š—ȱ Ž‘’ŒŠ•ȱ ›ŠŸŽ••Ž›ȱ Ž‹œ’Žœȱ œžŽœœȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ ’œȱ Šȱ ›˜ ’—ȱ Ž–Š—ȱ ˜›ȱ šžŠ•’¢ȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱ™›˜žŒœȱ‘ŠȱŠ›ŽȱœŽ—œ’’ŸŽȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱœž››˜ž—’—ȱŒž•ž›Š•ȱŠ—ȱ™‘¢œ’ŒŠ•ȱ
Ž—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—œǯȱ‘’œȱ’—ȱž›—ȱ‘Šœȱ•Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–Ž›Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱŠȱŸŠ›’Ž¢ȱ˜ȱ›ŽŽ—ȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱ
ŠŒŒ›Ž’Š’˜—ȱ œŒ‘Ž–Žœȱ ˜›ȱ ˜ž›ȱ ˜™Ž›Š˜›œȱ Š—ȱ ŠŒŒ˜––˜Š’˜—ȱ ™›˜Ÿ’Ž›œȱ œžŒ‘ȱ Šœȱ
Green Globe, the ›ŽŽ—ȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱžœ’—ŽœœȱŒ‘Ž–ŽǰȱŒ˜•Š‹Ž•ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŽ—ȱŽ¢ȱ™›˜›Š––Žœǯȱ‘ŽœŽȱœŒ‘Ž–ŽœȱŠ’–ȱ˜ȱ˜›–Š••¢ȱ›ŽŒ˜—’œŽȱ‘˜œŽȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱ˜›Š—’œŠ’˜—œȱ‘Šȱ
Š›ŽȱŠŒ’ŸŽ•¢ȱŒ˜––’ĴŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜ŽŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—ǯȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱ˜›Š—’œŠ’˜—œȱ
œ‘˜ž•ȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›ȱ‘˜ ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ™›˜žŒȱœ›ŠŽ’ŽœȱŒŠ—ȱ•ŽŠȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ–˜›Žȱ
œžœŠ’—Š‹•Žȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱ™›˜žŒœȱ‘Šȱ–ŽŽȱ‘ŽȱŒ›’Ž›’Šȱ˜ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŠŒŒ›Ž’Š’˜—ȱœŒ‘Ž–Žœȱ
œ˜ȱ‘Šȱ‘Ž¢ȱŒŠ—ȱŠŒ‘’ŽŸŽȱ‘Žȱ‹Ž—Žęœȱ‘ŠȱŒ˜–Žȱ ’‘ȱŠȱ™˜œ’’ŸŽȱŽ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱ’–ŠŽȱ
Š••˜ ’—ȱ‘Ž–ȱ˜ȱŒŠ™’Š•’œŽȱ˜—ȱ›˜ ’—ȱŒ˜—œž–Ž›ȱŽ–Š—ȱ˜›ȱœžœŠ’—Š‹•Žȱ˜ž›’œ–ȱ
™›˜žŒœǯ
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