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HOW TO TELL PARTS THE OF SPEECH, AN Xntrolruction to Grammar. JEngliisii THE BY EDWIN REV. Head AUTHOR Master "how OF WITH TO OF of the City of SESLEY, "ENGLISH CAMBRIDGE OF LESSONS PROFESSOR G. JOHN OF PARSE," TO AND, JOINTLY ENGLAND, PEOPLE.*' ENGLISH EDITION, ISLebiseU anU By School; UNIVERSITY, FOR AMERICAN D.D., London **HOW CLEARLY," WRITE PROFESSOR ABBOTT, A. RHETORIC lEnlarseU, R. AND UNIVERSITY McELROY, THE OF ENGLISH A.M., LANGUAGE IN THB PENNSYLVANIA. BOSTON: LITTLE, BROWN, AND DEPAEI^NT LELAUD STAUrOED COMPANY. OF EDUOATIOI^} 5\S^'vSSa.^5k'^^'^S^K:= 594383 C Copyright, By Roberts Brothers. University John Wilson 1881, Press: and. Son, Cambridge. TO NOTE Abbott's Dr. and How the Preface to the Parse, the to be p. x). of long these with reprint A essentials. author but few fully facilitate references few These exercises, it is will, hoped, clear, more but will also and certainly) correlatives Matter A but added few as Composition of far notes are notes are in Dr. as this of possible then substituted their in are ; as, in merous nu- 3, are of in the text Composition. instruction, suffered in the relations. by taken Abbott's Dr. given, consecutively, both is denoted Notes by graph-numbers, para- Note in lessons mutual way and ; meaning have they no are lessons (in elementary are edition Abbott's the as and ; obscuring common serve book, the numbered also in added; Abbott Dr. by served pre- omitted are of or tion (after consulta- terms, setting render only not Grammar too the suggested foreign carefully made hhn, from (Preface, permission) by his known etc. are throughout and of well etc., technical described exercises, inserted. tables already his by consecutive to useless of unloading " changes and Abbott, the by the by viii. page characteristics the alone on experience, by ; also forms of praiseworthy Dr. affecting but of Speech Parts not records rubbish, its only the Tell to he work, paradigms in. the the all learned Both which present EDITION. distinguished, are of points subject plurals, How grammars, to reform AMEEICAN THE other up the sign the into places, text, New words. own *. additional inserted. J. G. R. McE. PREFACE. The has that a induced very words the Part hitherto Latin Latin teachers Latin Latin reality, and to then, pupils goat "of repeat, existed, of even into unreality now an is the In "he-goat." syntactical obtruded as we concords but English to have not English grammar assimilate a and in not This extricated to spond corre- making has mar, gram- and "she- whole existed, names Latin a because teaching, ourselves. system the having given from the lish Eng- English a way, for into on "cock," ter mat- a things insisted the English, unreality of English as represents point same it to of imported they grammar. quite as or, does, uninflected English invented, elementary ; then word to which feminine their because and function English important was without classify English the first they the almost imported, the impoilation, "hen" that of an helieve nomenclature been Gender," I is. finding at inventing Latin the what attempt teaching " its stand, under- can sentence, grammatical example, word the tell to hook. to teaching having work to For names. the the the in the been language set next in have into course, first word the he taught, first you mistake little from word Speech All he function tell grammar. of taught, it, to to seems inflected heing each that this puhlish "how taught sentence any may of of he can child their to principal The to is put what then their he nature would child in me according infer to " young that knowing child any Speech of Parts the of that convictioTi a cords con- been sense which vi Preface, The following Association Biniiinghani serve in the at " following The single and to eye, to one say 2d, language (not prose), to ** Of these does nor boy to that be stated any word the from what considering ' Verbal Noun, is We * For which part must, of be scarcely be is as a of word English to child's a but how is ? Thus what you tell what you *' words ordinary Noun, it Verb, allow our ConsideHng is the Preposition example, a here. p. 206. this merest See your sentence or or a osition.* Prep- a to tell youth, it is pupil is pedantry Morris's is whether an If It determine must for pardoned." mar gram- gathered as is; in : being this, as word, that is word a of speech. the Tense some English Accidence," word a part any sentence, denied, lesson exaggeration therefore, not may t(;ach(}rs some principle of English Participle, a fault of of comment, enlarging permitted little the the "considering" Outlines 3d, ; part no a tell to even the in can his words experiment '): meaning example, possibleyour * time used of of way by or and speech a valuable the some be maxj needs part of speech with force of does choice what out a from from nor certain reason with notions, boy a upon really one (though how what meaning part to fundamental may the aimed Latin what guiding much in is asked The therefore that him need for is. word and subject hampering necessity of notions out he will based, 1st, the English the made taught before does, * in aware and reason is to be the be of words stock is principles,honesty hardly may grammar 'Hhe is for himself. three bo Grades" poetical examples, see experiment to seem word each speech he one's reasoning, teaching upon all suggested approach to from before of suggest experiment^ own read " all upon paper remedy would sees see; a I discard not classical : determination a not the pages that reform honesty J of a Teachers of exposition an as from extract Enghsh, to deny "Historical vii Preface. what U8 Perhaps would without this able the facts, and then that boy has mental same bad a what to the receive and honest should School, and ^ Black like be to tells it is it is therefore it is he therefore Facts claims " will of * * that the Horse That the children is the might from claims ^ of of animal an how word fore' therebly indeli- the use of recommend. to afterwards. I advocate because,'-to : often be In I wish ; together you child. : fore there- was; That facts the it tells every thus Adverb.' an advantage that system the mean sentences Twice with of it is name joins two * biased un- ance import- reasoning horse a Adverb.' an heart the time more perhaps time * an stand the therefore.' Rather probably of has elementary any ; therefore came sort it is consists be to gain on against as he he is open will attach I little if you in reason into go hearing what first,reasoning here to Conjunction.' a word a word how Noun.' a engraved that able of find mind " A word. of the be sure hLs likely to the facts. But really important, name to you therefore is is the , more that giving firstthe does, hefore while is after reason. word and submit generally and, besides, he Adjective.' an fell; is ; the tells you Quickly he way not the error an which function, and "I truth, that to ^ firston bad word a reasons from will a I as answer answer fix his to But Giving its us teacher good speech process the it with himself of told does. no course, part thing. difficultyin supporting commiMed word explain why.' deducing attention the Of * what same given what say say to the quite is not answer may pupils being is not one has is till he word words, own some his let the speech in his function^ or, ** of part be required reason, w(;ll and and bestowed by dispensing pains teach to to ; with than a given are child classify: but and, besides, a good thus deal the we may now at present to mentalize, experi- time will perhaps generally viii Preface, is" speak to ever and him, maodma have learned the through go I have lesson for the " boy correctlyalready business of the English, but the in ' I,' will * * for To be less have been been of thrown intended are it is while form make the to speak how to see faults, if ' such as says out with- eradicated the the of that hoped whole of Tenses the exercises an bo may the at of little Exercises mostly of special purpose oral chiefly as and be through task. Iww boy neighborhood, such parsing, the and Common like, may the to wearisome English, it. to me probability cpiito and the to by discardingthe drudgery." worse, the into such I shall * unreality tasks, teach go them. use seems of dull very them, loving,' in all symmetry " been by clieru- love,' including sense a it English boy an learned in the to I thus to certain a * all such and with written others making have anomalies than wearisome rules the details to come uses tmderstand the perceived better, not he Verbs a not boy a ; and Verb English it is shall,'and compelling before Verb his task, to common are will, Verb uses the for and of gives teacher lum reasons they A and " the discard I would as benefit,and little convey toct I may * Tenses learn words use of the loved,'etc. been wiU If ho the use confess, the child English Grammar. an he fluous super- English an forms, by hearing correct whole out-of-the-way to ever minima^ the I see, do is teach to either as np correctly, lie English it ; if he speaking of out give to attempt speak English to Nor disposed the hopeless or how be I should taught. tales They exemplifying have they fables. or exercises, but may are. time same * They wards after- be may written. It to seems me to English Grammar and examples " The have to been serious a give Tenses are not dealt of in children, by young exercises, chips mistake sentences, with in this ing teachway always book. of dry, ix Preface. dull, and " them uninteresting, and Exercises." Simple which should irregularities) to child the been work out to prepare gradually difficulties there probably are But the that they that the be his for inflections,but to is an"English boy the risk the about is of the to that me can to easily be If the book should fill up what should book, a well as this on my as Perhaps words for may than the seem ; there Greek. and is grammar children, child's the best the solved and own tion founda- by appeal, each which word, provided that I have useful supplied be be must that have hitherto rather by and for that most on the erred than teacher a it is intended rather vinced con- diffuse,attempting somewhat seem has needed. longer no insert to crutches, and occasional as when ventured Experience definitions. are while practise mechanical, to professionalteachers, subject conciseness ' apology of doubtedly un- suitably simple. aside thrown be believe to Latin comprehend, to appearing they with For lie in function able side with tests," side by grapple English to are given grammar with are has by English advocating intelligentteaching, ^* a intention him in reasoning they quite subject-matter At than difficulties in For to English speech supplies him argument. Exercises to accustom English the child logically overcome. for such own he as to parse the The learner and reasoned materials mouth: not in of beauty able the himself. difficulties in are and soon for out than the be can more can for logical way, a difficulties all that in as be to worked difficult more to ought narrative inversions child a call to perfectly understand. not Exercises made purposely to child connected full of are given no does he Specimen The to For parse. that sentence be and ambiguous, and Easy (not poetical extracts, begins often parents books side of diffuseness. attempt to to some be colloquial and experienced to teachers avoid hard carried to Preface, X But excess. help thinking that I cannot unsatisfactory condition present is grammar technical often tenns better, as found be to it to him thin/fSyt(^acliing t"^chnical the been instead of My define a Noun or seems to should for dull have notes Some that is, that for not a several Adverb, three admission many a into being and the difficulties of " tell to fi-om a City in of one London an more as School, to Grammar" grammar" for Adjective fi'om Preposition. year answer selecting this English "English able and for title," How for reason an rather teaching. of the boys, averaging examined it is intended. intended are learn Conjunction hundred age, boys between it is false, certainly course book tects pro- protector a relation for whom The of j)art, I my Thomas of a the required Speech." without or be calling the great years of of may of Possibly, therefore, meet in the to to book learner, to arise may Parts title,and yeai*s the than t^) according those of the end explanation the about the at the rejected because be to " sentence Preposition. a like children, and is therefore, and relegated sentence" further, for shows protects" the tJie relation in unintelligibleto it is questions tell ** "John," ought teacher in the stands that definition, The that osition Prep- a relation in clever I conftjss ones. stance, in- an may the word for even been that shows other treatise elementary book, an ** it of the Verbs, take Definition text, has Far of later a To teachers in that, use Thomas and because in the of first to classes for usual any some thought so definition an to of little me "Thomas" the is Pronoun John, of use books. pupil reserve the why by saying that John," this the the distinctions. being placed answer word harm great to asked notes, for it? use to such of names I have the to and English vocabulary different recognize to of teaching elementary lead to of the cause exuberant into me, Adjectives, Conjunctions, the in obtruded seems the of one than Out twelve candidates less of than for half xi Preface. tell what could itself suggested than with and miuutise as that book that ventured the plurals of children, *' how little A answered the " he the Author's Parts tell and had occasion How are " that a English by it in simply children all at know, this to " ing teach- namely, this little book be may grammar, It the in may, tell to your Conjunction." a children many once with on learning not was from system, getting you he though they G. thank to is same Adverb an from that ignorant a they S. Chambers, Brockington, School, of whose material of one Scholar is effect careful in and searching modifying due and to Sidney Sussex colleagues own my of the book City criticisms as whom from But it to me of Masters Mr. T. College, the at before all of Assistant the many permitted. space School, Birmingham, B.A., one if to I have and Prefaces, here mention help of whom some other in valuable general acknowledgment a Edward's King much obligationsfor gladly than the word, a learn do to such Speech." experienced teachers, would Mr. to according that learn mals, ani- of in " work Adverb an hope under am more ** by saying taught by able I of inculcation will pense dis- to female and locuSf are few dared learning grammar." are I useful trained Conjunction, even " and present question could but be at pupil, grammar? way, what tell the to cherub English boys but modest a male the omit book ambitious that of It therefore was. less a book a reading it, if they and have quickly" names to that assumed speaking might G-rammar," full list of the a " speech possible that as "English an of part of have W. bridge, Cam- London had a passed through press. In reviewing of the the Second Appendix on Edition I have added Spelling, together with an the ment abridgEtymo- xii Preface. ciiutained in These this nse without If b"K)k as pupil is him this of work, " How until to he Parse." the ** How to to to has to mastered to of are Parse." those English who Grammar, Parse." proceed defer which "How convenience introducticm int"?nded rewnnmend should for an to entitled Part, of both Terms, made are j)roceeding the Grammatical Secoml the jidditions may of of Glossary logical the to the study the Second of first Chapter three I Part, X. ters chap- CONTENTS. PA6X Comparative Table of Pages, English Ameb- and Editions iCAN xv Nouns 1 Pronouns 3 Adjectives I3 Verbs 21 How to tell Parts the Speech of 29 Adverbs 3q Prepositions 50 Conjunctions 63 Other Pronouns : Pronouns (1.) Adjective Adjectives Possessive (2.) (4.) Interrogative of 90 Pronouns . ... 91 Pronouns 91 92 Pronouns (5.) Conjunctive Uses and Pronouns (3 ) Indefinite (6. ) Relative 86 96 Pronouns 105 Verb the 113 Notes Scheme showing on Tell the Parts of of 120, Definitions 121 123 Spelling Glossary Etymological Summary to " Speech Appendix "How of Grammatical 131 Terms . 140 COMPAKATIVE TABLE ENGLISH 1 To facilitate which references Dr. from EDITIONS.i Ilow Abbott's to Parse (Boston^ Brothers, 1878). Roberts 2 AMERICAN AND PAGES, OF This the and numbers subsequent English ends page 8 Begins on p. 4. * Begins on ]). 29, and 6 Begins and " Begins on 8 Begins two ends on is in part p. 31, but ^ p. 33. pages the : before. denote latter on p. American beyins one often page on before. page 30. is in part Begins, the and on p. 30. is in great part, on p. 33. C XVI "rpj'ar'itir^ T"di". Table. r-MFAK.iT:vE " 10 DLstributed In part over on pp. C^mtinwiL " pp. 106, 105 107. - 107. Tlie 2 of (4) parts of ship a used * by tree a gardener Write (1) boys of books for look Now thing is it? small or of the at It is (G) parts ; (8) as you names many as soldiers girls ; (2) or (5) trees; All of these solidness tools of can (3) other ; (6) houses; cannot of name Tell G. (7) things^ such 7. Tell good of the more of intemperance^ body, such as tchite- : ness^ smooth- or usefulness is the the qualities of qualities of the (b) gentleness^ as bad : persons (lualitiesor cruelty^ dishonesty^ injustice^ untruthfulness, of names some as I largeness. virtues, such or harshness^ as me them me of names names qualities Tell qualities chalk. honesty^ justice^ temperance; 8. useful, sort'): well, ness^ but a weighty beauty. some vices, such what of usefulness^ some as me ' means the us of sort smooth, or tell utility^small see me words What solidity^ roughness or quality a of chalk. qualiti("s; give or usefulness You piece these {quality names ness^ this white, solid, rough large. chalk want 9. writing ; ; etc. 5. such book a etc. (4) animals; persons; (a) used of (9) b}* a carpenter, ; repeat or of Speech. (5) parts ; (7) things ; a (jroupa Parts hunger,, (b) the (a) \h" feelings feelings of 3 of our jour mind, ^oy, hope,,P^ty, Tell me some of names actions ; such \k^ ing,, jump- running,, reading,, counting,, shiging. Exercise Write or feelings of repeat j'our mind six ; II. names (3) good of (1) actions; qualities of persons (2) ; Nouns, bad (4) qualities them but names of shall How of will we Point a etc., at wiU of the of you we for word you have to us." sons This is fine their her continue killed But that is what killed my a for life. youngest What then did your sport. done sport to we pitifully her. really How have s, mother are or face sur- bo} pelt mother the then so you daughter, is the not ''if you the the croaking she, your all and again, and and said cruelty, beneath Just hands of fun," said head, family a out frogs, up stones thoughtlessness. fright a pelting." up not come giant it if sport? two will the with noticed not of out in good a play they down they gentlemen," like my till boys held "Young you another playing were of one " frogs popped the gentle hit water. them give that So " pelt them, to dived once will wait we places, well. as is none of names we HI. cruel, but not they of the " began were soon their During pond. they family in thoughtless boys frogs and Very Nouns the out Some for mean we mean Exercise of If (^) Names. near ; paper; names? think which Nouns, coal water. faults, actions, of them call ; but persons of (9) snow; all these people names," " things, will (8) call we (5) qualities ; (11) steel; (12) (10) hair; call persons (7) India-rubber; (6) air; 10. of 3 would sister to out me; and maimed you is death The 4 Sometimes 11. You Exercise above may not way to it to like?'* ') Thus nothing^ cannot say, Noun. Of word is used a be Noun, a not a Noun the that words not a Noun slowness. a Noun out you IRgh is not it, " as can a Nouns out not a how see a sa}^ it is j'ou sometimes it is Nouns clearly abovCy of out example, Noun make a Noun ; but you slow of out other it, is " make can height. of the IV. following broad, glad, long, deep, careless, ready, obsti?iate, persevere, brave, repent. is you Nouns. For Exercise Make you Name. a make can ; but of like,*' dis- but the Exercise of Nouns. not before to but make to quickly playing," used you are " do "^^ might line first there Sometimes 14. ' the ' or ; playing" " like How " apples^ Thomas^ careful Exercise, "I the in you good a or What " jumping ^ be must you in a I like,** ** quickly ;'^^so like it is not because country example, as is * * the so not, or with I like '' say, the in in O can course, here Noun a question, Noun. I For Noun. is pelting So after the walk^ " word Nouns. action, and an Noun. a come you a that (sometimes can a puzzled about of name a answer it is be example, it is word a * that whether find before 13. is the know If 12. for see, of Speech. may you not may Parts words narrow, jzcst, humble, : swift, wide, pious, 5 Nouns. Kinds * * Look 15. following sentence and the for names kinds that of is, of belong called 'one's own,' Son (2) brothers of see, you same of the son family. " different simply are ; but person is the of name individicaL they also are ent differ- as in a name of one all to Hence, own. Charles means it is called Hence, all his and It is the boy-children. class. a to appropriate,) common to said (Proper Noun. property, indeed, person, be may name peculiarly his be to particular a. The Proper a is ; every oldest Charles, is the in Nouns first two the at names. an to Nouns. " son^ Charles (1) : is the Charles it carefully Charles '' of a name mon Com- Noun. * Tell 16. difference the (1) London, girl; (1) Racer, (2) city; (1) Ponto, (2) horse; State-House, (1) Selen, between (1) Hudson, building; (2) (2) dog; (1) (2) river; Office, (2) Post- (1) (2) house. Model. her proper (2) Gid it is is the to A proper (2) A class. Helen (her own) common (i) a (1) " not them all. an Common of name a Therefore name. name, Proper to is the only of Noun is it is Helen, Therefore Proper a but of a Common it is name a particular girl: all other it is Noun. girls : Noun. peculiar or common to individual. Noun is a name 6 The * It But 17. and it Hence, Tell 18. each of (1) an the the ^ together.') difference between following phrases of ants (4) ; flock of sheep ; (6) of bushes clump ; : wolves of of chickens bunch (8) a in of (5) (7) ; (9) a ; grapes (3) ; of buffaloes; brood a Nouns " herd a a as Noun. the pack a of Collective a bevy of girls ; (2) army (and, perhaps, taken ' family. together^ spoken called is ^o\m^ brothers . {Collectivemeans * his third a persons) taken other group. has sentence Charles means some the of Speech. Parts a a roto of houses, A (3) Collective of number of a Once 19. [" 5] this give stracted Hence, the quality (that is, it is called things, help away from they, too, (4) An are Abstract feeling, name, a of is said of us a name of actions think the of persons called hence Noun action, etc., the But of it of when ab* as names other some feelings, etc., feel, act, Abstract name thought of Charles. So, and "the quality a from who is the be to Noun. [" 9], can minds. age? away) Abstract we out think we taken an to us tells which way is its name? What feelings [" 8], taken oldest and ; the in of "Charles" more, " son Charles's. and thrown something oldest of of name together, ol^ect is anything An " think, we taken objects the group. N.B. * is Noun as etc. Nouns. of of a as ity, qualab- ; Nouns. stracted, it which taken or 7 from away, object the to belongs. * * Tell 20. of the each following The (1) The (3) the sentences of the weight (2) George's between difference the : lead in Nouns the " broke scales. the required punishment. anger laughing knot of the of boys heard was in school-room. (4) ill-health The of the master the gave school a holida3\ * TeU in kind the the time named Pontiac before his and Noun each in own and III. Exercise tried but he to laid plan the his and Write 21. N.B. this to A great all the courage of tribes only then was broke his First a fort ; Soon down. Indian another by away of America. out conspiracy use A " Noun. A cow Exercise in a Nouns some is Noun a of a a Noun being kind. any thing words, own your of each name is not is not VI. in story again Noun thhig, a English running of man chief frolic. * careful a unite to murdered was drunken Being a Indian an red-coats Detroit, which take failed, and after, he defeat, the seen men. drive to Braddock's of had skill, he race, is V. " At he of Exercise kind. but the (") of name ^ ; but the word '' a cow'* CHAPTER n. PRONOUNS. It 22. would be obliged to repeat if your to name second a John you I the book is ' it ' ? than or therefore 25. nouns. book will for ' me not Tell belongs the not go that What you not that you ssxy^ said ' on ? Will about What it books the Will be not more repeating the " me." to book something repeating instead? use sa^-, John me on go speaking are willyou it books. be not 'them'? You are you you word 24. instead if one, 'they' use you will the Will book. a up You heavy, Or, What etc., take to ? me see son per- John." see told " to third a told to he speaking inconvenient this? of Thomas, saw book. will coming were ple, exam- were Thomas to we For about be it would was time. 'James, Thomas, coming about word named things, you and wished we or and John, instead Again, 23. each saw sa}^ were you Noun James said When " the Thomas, "When will people person named James other time of if, whenever or were deal great a up confusing very ourselves of speak take would see, used call of) Words that then, instead them of these or Pronouns 7", you, words for nouns, (Pro means he, and we for or . used for Nouns are called Pro- The 10 the help with braying frightened has to On t?ie found would one Tell had ass the taken the When kill to three bull has when he ass and then cub behind shall : " have " What to'? spoken must frog spoken me Pronouns : " field. a shall wait for till the and then, him first, turning the to little one, on, be strong conquer you That for to,' in the the ing put for in the follow' for ? is write for will Then are put Exercise Put too companions, another, to ? are dinner." what * I Come " " were now bulls." and And I easily you goat speaking you the is Now shall good goat said in his said, you together away two he a what One I other him^ me pass.' the the soon Tell driven Pronouns " said, ; but one alone, : they Before, against black he them^ saw them. is Exercise fighting were lion italicized the following bulls Three able Nouns what me put for in the ' th/e Now " VIEI. Exercise ' have so stepped th,e If out. all fox sly the ass^ to ass beasts not lion." a me, the this could ass the see said and tree onl}^kept quiet, ever}^ for alone, the was ass. the (have) ass ch. of Slice delight the at behind from fox tlie thought ass Farts You Is me put will show the ' it not for? the ' Is me goat it not j^ou what speaking following let must nouns Pro- frog,* and Exercise. IX. italicized Nouns in the lowing fol- 11 Pronouns. Once in cow large as speaking frog swelling the speaking Look Is " Yes, " "Ah! but look much frog frogs "The other. The " the which the what me following When the her before greedil3% for take scarcely said soup," he Then shallow the the when dish him time. the for fox So '-^ I enjoyed his ^Q2iV his the burst. frog The short her You put for in the joke as I 3'our like also hungry the show and stork you *^." But all were could stork poor shall could puddings. they it the take not set of ate But not do some ; l)ut he long beak, you home fox nose. do brought, went it afterwards, of bring that she will and dinner, to soup. " were so frog. larger ; are stork end servant dishes, enjo}^ them. of the fox. the the oUt. any other much the is frog creature Pronouns suited in think? to the cow. " dish puddings shallow and up the bade ; invited fox the as X. the Exercise bird, dipping poor in a Nouns the speaking frog made b}^ Then is conceited puff, ths out speaking cow make Let frog large the Exercise Tell ? breath. as his to (we) animal with than now." last one gave the larger," replied said more," once not said (do) the frog spoken larger still," replied the tiy frog be (shall) does much cow ? (am) the large fine a So speaking frog ! what saw puff th^ speaking to will frog beautiful that as try frog now the should "Why frogs conceited a meadow. green a companion, the time a upon not angr}-, i)unished another 12 TJic Parts Speech of "Exercise Fill the : Lina it, help not perched her in the following on color-box smiling chair a his on while painted hand, table, did lift to Lina down, not at illuminating sketch a prided first which and had " which upon had especi- " had " that saw " all}^ " " Going been hold seen " what at holding was had as Baby " the at busily entered. as " see. with story " could Tom, places empt}' l^onouns XI. meant to elaborate " , into a picture. could scold not the baby, but " " turned angrily to Dick. think " " stopped said Dick," " " knew " : have might " how much " " , valued that sketch." N.B. For " other Pronouns see Chapter IX. CHAPTER ni. ADJECTIVES. Suppose 29. to come you I hold that from the is do can These questions (1 .) : by (2.) his ? " the holder.' 'pen- following distinguish that this or may say 3^our holder pen- pen-holf]er," I " pen-holder what may "I ; I ; In sort?" or "I want say the want do want not ^irant our or my "In or thirds next^ know how You condi- what short the clean " order? what firsts second^ the to Q) " pen-holder words answer may want your You (4.) You You or "Of tion?" pen-holder ? this putting by guish, distin- to you your do 3'ou it. speak. you pen-holder." (3.) " "I saving A^r, or ask words, will Whose?" " I found and " while pointing it have and can words Which " I in out How others. You 30. point to pen-holder, your whether pen-holders, six up ask to me lost have you lo7ig or inky pen-holder." may say I " last, furthest, want nearest pen-holder." If 31. have do I lost, then, pen-holders, (5.) not "How two, you before trying tell must me many?" three, several, pen-holders many to : "I distinguish you your " have many, lost some, on^ holder, pen- no holders." pen- 14 TJtc If it is paper 32. tell to of Speech. but many ; have " I have " will lost more, 5ome, paper." no Words 33. that thequestions Of 3. *' 4. "In How ''Which?" 1. " " ? sort what order?" much ?" word In " or 5. of sort (4) thine/ is a repeat or condition book, maybe (4) Make from of these so of the about (5) a cap, will Nouns can. lost describe to what me (7) glass. tell to a Adjectives, in what me (3) boy, a kind a (6) ; write dog, (2) a find made a tell to tlie conditions. XIII. dog, a it to distinguish to (1) " have 3'ou same You have as tell (2) butter, (3) a lion, these qualities and want you to knife, (2) a Exercise and (*) ^0. garden. a Suppose 6. XII. sugar, (1) " Nouns names ^w" means Adjectives some " adjectives. (5) coal, (6) water, paper, Write (1) ? many?" Adjectives some " condition "How "Adjective" repeat or answer ''Whose?" what called are to 2. Exercise Write Nouns to put are what The 34. you lost, j'ou 3'ou have much?" Hov^r '' that how not me (G.) " Parts a or in policeman it from other repeat cat, (3) a else, something or dogs six tives Adjecthings or adjectives ball, (4) stick, a knife. that out most of of them. these Make Adjectives Nouns can where 15 Adjectives. O, An Again, 35. lost?" will You " which ask have What " you, reply '^pen-holder," not ; where pen-holder" a say I suppose the. a, means will you don't I '' a you say pen-holder." if I Then, 36. shall not The pen-holder?" when 3'ou the: but a say ask When " did 3'ou last tJie use which know "You means it last, I used 3'ou holder pen- I mean." A 37. the^ being jow^ and question which? thje is Article little ; but words, words question which? The 39. "telling " Article, sometimes clearly"; or is * called So that order? furtJiest^etc., what was according " to to speak. the Definite^ that is, Indefinite^ that is, have we the cles, Arti- two Indefinite a in be done. age, and But met so together They all the oldest tJie mouse, tion ques- nearest^ " trouble great cat, the firstssecond^ vl^ following: being of XIV. such in the mice, to from answer Adjectives, answering some what persecutions different name a. (a) Supply So7ne wa}' Article, the^ and Exercise In these that special to and a this Nouns called a Definite an for name Q) is the " no to put telling clearly." not have in are are the answer forget never they own)^ that usual, must we to Adjectives. more though of their (name other and Another, 38. * called are Nouns to poor owing to spoke to the determine in mouse thing, order, was had the no . Parts The 16 advice offer, and to said relations of already, two of criiel enemy rudely he; that we in once." shall lead wlio will be willing be all B}^ who the I will the bell that nor the and it is not {h) Some : The " second none nor the ; of the day what hoio many italicized the words mice." " trouble." mxtch how I don't tells you Answer mice cat's after; tell many. which mouse." " know ''You what tells 3'ou Our but ('cat')." which say how " which ('mouse')," namely, just mentioned. Poor but willing were on " now. repeat tells 3'ou means mouse No ; at " tells 3'ou Oldest day,, " even tells j^ou means All or tells you Great A hung Write thus you, the day, go mouse hung not was us plenty but this see, Let the were fourth^ . neck be speak, cat's neck and old the young simple^" the ; " her in to " very thing. There or is coming said ?" " the round very way? third 80 " the means," the be to is bell the hasty a matter a morning, perished been her hear hand " tie must may my The '' : has seven make to mouse, have to this ; terday," Yes- *' devoured wanted youngest ought "we is lament. ten famil}'^that interrupted cried before day more the who creature, to our the one Here jaws." bell nothing but " mine, ; did unfortunate my so she, of Speech. tells you the Jiow much whose rest for of sort '' ' ' " a thing." lulvice." enemy." yourself in the same way. The 18 *"' Why, summer said the big oM what did and autumn? the said sang," a three during these die do " into of food. his idle in round a be vain drowned. her fitfor swimming side. See, swum across. that Why should jumped dear were useless^ and down to the 40. An before a in Noun, 2. ''Whose?" 8. "Of is a answering sort?" what " 4. "In 5. " 6. "How what Hov^r well as as water- words, the foolish soon found she Her time struggles ^he slowly sank word that be can the question or "In : put " ?"(") Which " ? has died. and Adjective my those true. short a by taste ; but was as are and pond swim to water warning bottom 1. lion the I not " duckling tJie would she chicken, into like swim her this of ducklings to try the these Saying into words, overturned some warned like should I mother's to feet jumped 3'onder." creature her the has he duckling? cresses watching feet," said as and I " now," these said of ant. dance house mother My " fellow determined pond, In them. chicken, young months XVII. Exercise An *'Then snug weather." unkind the replied six the during greedy the Q^) of winter grasshopper. broke stores of Speech. months you As ant. mole his Parts order many?" much?" ? " what condi- 19 Adjectives. You 41. that distinguish. to An 42. before point its number out Note 43. that " does It Noun. made * good' ' good words before ' is cannot well father;" is ' ' put put it, or to " is if it " " father father' ' put can you so ; is weW^ father my be Adjectives. not good in a guish distin- generally are my before always can good^^ is before Adjective an that But 'well' so it can you father,' well' be can stand can but father my Adjective. an you word always, from " " amount.^ way in example, that Adjective dn that distinguish to in this Adjectives word a used be can brieflysay may or not And to. For is Chapter, this Adjectives you either Noun, a of Hence Adjective of beginning classes first four the the at saw, and '' say my No Adjective. not an can not be before put a Noun. Test 44. If you or you: of in doubt are not, the and v(rord a a 45. following test Noun, The can a may it is your^ More meaning. between come is word jective Ad- an sometimes help principal exceptions etc. ; (2) briefly, "An ' * or a * ' the Adjective. an Adjectives answering 1 whether " If my Adjective. an to some the this test question whose that Adjective to answer . . . ; to the Noun," to are, such (1) as question qnaUfy its The 20 how all, any, each, how or many, Parts 8om", such much; in you the are tricked till waited sent sat down, I could not get bill long silent not and like your dishes, your will her into very Mrs. dishes, out the Nouns pleasantly he above but fox each tried in dipped but ; burst " XIX. the they the that stork the then table, He them. Stork." and the Fox." in She When tops Presently sullen. stork the trick, on tJieir fox enemy. his Meantime dined how you dishes at head Mr. the what spiteful dinner. to Exercise Pick tell cunning six were the how forgotten narrow and also and you invitation his tell Adjectives " had fox vain. in but : on there so like now ; an were do told the they was I him she Aer ago herself revenged dish, for stork the several, 111. Exercise, put time another, italicized the following Pronouns fSome XV what repeat or both,, no, neither. Exercise Write none^ as, most, more, many, either, every, Speech of Exercises. the fox " out Nor did I / CHAPTER IV. VERBS. Take 46. about something me sleeps^ talks^ makes a Try but nothing for Nouns, find make do cannot you it ; sleeps^ talks etc. can ^ Pronouns, "John Nouns and the make a a (4) ," " repeat ," (2) " bird "a flower the " Adjectives You happy." Adjectives words cannot walks^ above, and statement, ; be may XX. " a soldier sea ," (3) " (5) the " after a ," " (6) fire (1) farmer " horse"," "a ," (8) " words stating some ," " (7) using words. or dog John, and man," Exercise " ' walks ' , stating Write word about But statement. a called a "John John. or "John example, the statement a Tell word, one Here about make to in runs,^* statement "John." example John walks^ 47. for Noun, any "the ," (9) " cat " the ." " Some 48. For sense. is sense ? John in " stating in "John and incomplete, And you " these example, but complete; what of need strikes in order some Thomas." Noun words walks John " strikes you that or make ^'^ you ask the Pronoun " sense complete a ^^^ the feel strikes after that the whom, or be may ' is sense plete, com- strikes ' : The 49. '' Parts Tlie 22 God is is word after usuall}'the John " is complete you is have boy," after .words 50. Now take how ; and told (2) struck 3'ou the " is what in (1) did; the done was words the did, gnat ; the struck yet keep "John (2) say, is stating word a words ' and struck was We John. to say ^ ' fore there- that " was the pigeon the battle words sense ; the soldiers saved as the stung XXII. italicized into general received couraged Exercise. first,and together, following done, keeping the " stating stating word. a things missed stating words Thomas " will You John what two the The happy." last (1) : Exercise Turn tive Adjec- or incomplete John " put same? 3'ou what take Noun Exercise. in the 'struck' word tell and is some sentence 3'ou " is what? Thomas." by The last Nouns this the struck 51. nine and complete some repeat can meaning was in the plete com- XXI. in the or after " John Nouns Write (2) the nine the is incomplete, a John " or words the sense " by adding repeat or ask to EXEUCISE (1) Write is is of sense sense a In exists," the ," you " the John " : stating word. a is, ''God is," that ; but of Speech. the that it is : state which lohat the was sportsman pigeon carried the message ; the message soldiers countr3\ state " sportsman; ; the the words, gained letter the en- tle bat- ; Verbs. XXIII. Exercise Turn donCy was The killed the dog gate by You ' also into ' " this he into " has stating dog ; a boy ; the he will train a ; little child a the was killed was been ' stating For struck" ' ; by three " will he we can struck," even has he " or has above, and has ''John are word example, struck was be struck" i. Make statements the sailor, (2) the ii. Make same more be"n have ing" strik- been met iii. Make etc., will XXIV. in two stating words colonel, (3) the ship, (6) statements six ; left was time." river, (5) the the by the words Exercise (1) the field little child a strike" wiU the : ; the cow words. two "John in number the so by over sometimes changed was Sometimes by that see say T2itwas bo3\ changed struck ; wind run by accident by broken was was cow the rat; cow. the by did, things worried was gate a the by the by what state " cat overturned the : what state eaten open mischievous be it is of ; the by 52. that ; the cat tossed was that to was blown cow killed malt latch was train as was The a sense the by (2) words the keeping (1) into that words, italicized following the 23 the in about (4) corn, the marbles. three stating words after Nouns. statements do, and telling what what will be the done nel, sailor, coloto them. The 24 Make iv. Parts of Speech, telling what statements have etc., done^ and the has what nel, sailor, colo- been done to them. Make V. etc., did^ and Make vi. what and nel, sailor, colo- them. to telling what doing, were the done was statements etc. what telling statements the been has what nel, sailor, colodone to them. So 53. far, almost what lis John does, John done to he (like 'is') rather in wliat ? words without They are them VERBA, still call these name could that Verbs a to but does, THE these they single Latins the words are r statement may stating ing stat; for are statement. used to WORDS. like call We it, and so we VERBS. words The give to something or a is. meant name, in feels, ^ohn John what make not be not '' beside These important how see us we are which 55. 56. he important the has" thing some- him to say may tell not condition we so keep do You them we But having or told John. he may possesses, what Now, Hence or have to happens feel? not starves, words 54. done is What ? co7idition perishes, what or him. Does certain stating words our always doing something, is not doing? all be that state. 1. What anything J 2. What is done (^^)1 3. [ In to anything, condition what thing does. is. anj^- Parts The 26 does, (2) what or down something : hecams he degrees was his friend busy tailor, in a is your food, 3^ou insolent him gave elephant moved The again afterwards, Passed^ "the quietly as 3'ou what states Became, want prick deep a makes " whenever it But one he took that elephant /e/^ sure him for usual as poked ; so his read inter^ do So biggest but away, he in the elephant" fore be- trunk was food; brute." with his he incomplete an dow. win- elephant, food. 3'our will the tailor's it that pet because ''So he this last, he said Here about quietly standing rupted^ you of poor ready At a some remained he by customers The window. open it his bun a minutes The in. had of gave beast. the of notice fond with busy so notice the what this, write statement a day every so always he by, some (3) in or tell cannot makes Verb tailor, taking by passed for If 3'ou thing, an} " The that is. elephant passed An no to the that simply day is done an3'thing condition of Speech. you? sa3ing, needle. back came cise. Exer- next did. about statement tailor." Gave, states Was makes (incompletel}')what incomplete an J the " about statement did. tailor" " the tailor." Took states J "the (incompletel}') what tailor" did. Answer You need the not unless rest for alwa3's 3'ourself in sa}' that special!}'told the to do the same statement so. wa3\ is complete, in- 27 Verbs. XXVI. Exercise Write down Pronouns repeat what or in the above Exercise down above in the * * Verbs 61. in which the [" 49], But over'). (1) called are , their " like Verbs, few though denote They a those '); over [" 48] incomplete ["48], sense going Intransitive, are incomplete. is " (' going tives Adjec- Verbs. complete a (' not is sense Transitive 'is' make that of Forms Intransitive called are and underlined the tell 3'ou. Exercise Kinds underlined put for. are repeat what or the XXVII. Exercise Write Nouns ing mean- being " (2) becom.ingJ" (* ^*) * Form 62. Form, * The 63. Verb-forms, given in have names ; as or in the The Exercise elephant, the came to his trunk, their but other many explanation : he of a tell 3'ou, tailor, determined to italicized Verbs " the Accordingly, window, out the leaving on himself. revenge like " 52, XXVIII. repeat what last Passive (2), the form Active the (* ^") Exercise Write called (* ^^) forms elsewhere. belongs ; Voice. Passive or is " 50 Voice Active or Form, of (1) collected muddy pool next da}', before dirty some that was not he water in far off. five 28 Meanwhile had treated The usual. pretended he trunk nuuldy taught was close full water a Iield to the to in the or a take the man's he his bun him for trunk, but ; discharged So face. when so, ; bun raised tailor, the as and when the tailor lesson. good XXIX. Exercise Write out elephant the before day elephant going was was the he cunning how forgotten him ajyproaclwd^ beast his by Speech of had tailor the been the Parts what repeat the underlined Pronouns are for. put XXX. Exercise Write or what repeat the adjectives underlined tell you. * Rewrite (Exercises being form this story XXV. and careful found to in this XXXI. Exercise use of the in XXVIII.) some Chapter. verbs the and elephant your of each tailor words, own kind and CHAPTER HOW TO V. TELL THE PARTS OP SPEECH. You 64. Verbs and find tell cannot either that Nouns Verbs, of parU by that is useful see you able be to It again, Tell '' are;" takes so where we the Whenever 66. Part " ? me Then say you rides 68. Perhaps good " you for to of Speech each Adjective, an or and over say Parse ^'' it together, speech of parts over words these words,*' these part. as have called to able be should 3'ou do? word the will words joar^e find to it does what out what it is. a it is Again, time you what Now 67. much does Speech of or you ''What ask, first Noun, same fore there- often words a instead, say is of Part what me parse tell too jectives. Ad- using are are also Speech." what is it they number say will Nouns and of a to is, whether what. and ; Parts " When word is speech using You continually are Adjectives, " 65. you your name Pronouns. or speaking in without anything me Part Verb not ; a trout but Verb, Part what say Speech of a " is but l)ut not " We a had a in some haps Per- ant pleas- Noun. Speech of Noun; it in 'rides'? is " Noun, is 'running'? Itunninfj but an water tive. Adjec- Tlic 30 G9.' You Speech of Farts see, then, that any of my wait till I word by completing A 70. have (2) A 71. he 72. " as A Clause, Phrase as ? " " to mean expressing for of a I example, (3) words is a (^0 way " The called (1) a ''He expressing called is ing" ''Mean- comes," a " a statement, Saying " or good boy." that if he includes a is called Sentence comes." Exercise the XXXIII. following sentence " ' third the use "Come." not Exercise parse must (1) statement, [Sl"K('IMKN.] Now Part meaning. command, or Phrase, how by itself; you (3) command, come group question, you m}' Sentence: Will " is of words or tell what cannot j'ou words shown group (2) question, or of Speech, barge carried coals." in the same a How Until 73. what until tell what Speech they Sentence : The umn "what down what could not you have boat struck 3'ou to could not you could tell tell what Parts of do can you tences, Sen- make not until 31 all this. the parse following " write the down could you did^ and Now second on of Speech, Sentences, had you were. First 75. Parts Verbs, words Suppose 74. the you did^ words " had you and easily Tell to the left,then the Part word words down make a in broad does" Speech of rock." a and the word a column another is : col narrow to to write write " XXXII. 76. at For in once anything down a the future, you the second in and the the column, first column as write may ; down without and Adjectives at so a writing j^ou once. may But Noun down write with The 32 other the word words does^ of Speech. continue must you word Parts before write to write you down down what Exercise What Tells what you Tells about the Adjective, before before a 28, a because Noun: at the Noun, it but end, and can come fore be- come can statement a in 3'ou do order^ it is. and can Noun. called have Exercise whose and call ' can his * an come XXVIII., ^ not light a %ohose^ and you 'man's' of what you tells we and sort before tells and light." in you yet much^ what Exercise above does. incomplete '' you come fore be- come Noun. an Tells can glow-worm whose^ you Tells the thing a Noun. a a In the how before Makes of sort is, and what you Tells does? Noun. a States word the glow-worm page the is. [Sl'K(^IMKN.] 78. what it can an come Adjec- Two One black Are So me.' (goat) tlie said make ' you in entangled in Sparta, friend with " know hardly dare afraid of me, I will rising early to him. and to think that suffered the ; Senate clever make a his justice but, before that his of said So, best the soldier, and over fie so was drowned. day, kings went son, ask the trial could came to his 3^ou am fa^r no off, he speak thing, same he father ill afford accused in father his length done, his Accordingly, day afraid His of to " this all did son, face, I in the followed be the the he you." petition. must his he he of his but king's ; till at more laws king you for was Sparta stronger the father my ; of one influence to the way enemy the life him. save but days swered^ an- Make were broken son morning, second several courage for look went, The for tried try my a goat fwbd been white Still, since next he wherever had Why," him. of goat the was in am I. am (goats) who him I The XXXVI. the begged behalf. so So goat's horns, both to father's I ^ white the of the Exercise determined and but goat, which black be to was ; torrent. white. was (goat), hurry ? a general, intimate being * me also, and Spartan country, white horns the the over goat only was rapid a (goats), pus/ied his two * A roared it black the ; but bridge dragged for It bridge. narrow the to way the of of Speech, blacky the other was goat hurry, a on beneath and goat for met goats planky a to Parts The 34 found appeared matter who persuaded to general lose was so quitted. ac- How Write in Then these in out Pronouns, find to the this re- (and Tell parallel any Parts columns Adjectives, of all and the Speech. the Verbs 35 Nouns, you the can Thus,- story. write the the other story in necessary) your own words. way, using all CHAPTER VI. ADVERBS. 79. that 80. Tell (1) " This now do you only tells me these answer How? 1. 81. thus^ help that you me Each answer twice, fast, Verb, a thing some- in be ing:" walk- your word one late, slowly, something; Where? 8. must do about questions When? 2. of walk." "I : the with me, "I : here, early, walk there, abroad'^ Now 82. tell that 83. *'I 84. Answer, of a person 85. 3'ou ? Tell But, " Answer, (2) (1) arc. " When "I "I were the thing some- blamed." was blamed?" you often, seldom, in are Tell am very, '' good you Adjective an condition what Answer, Hov^ of help comfortable." (1) " ^vhen Verb, a Answer, with me, am you of justly, harshly, 'am,' ''I help " to-day Verb the the you. and much, (2) " to Hov^ " blamed yesterday, and done was But, was with me, I or good quite, you me what are. sort good." am comfortable or comfortable comfortable, are ? " rather y Adverbs. comfortable, comfortable, pretty ;." (2) 37 I " more often^ am less or sometimes^ fortable com- never, always good." 86. 87. But, rather ''I 'often:' before word often, less often, 88. Again, 89. But, Hov^ comfortable, more said where and The 1. The child 90. ship three 4. rain comfortable." more XXXVII. words some order columns sails. 2. The train fell. answered In much am to tell boy will how, me when, " barks. dog 6. repeat or far "I his to thus 7. The The started. soldiers 5. 3. come. The boy fought. 8. The eats. The father. do : " this Exercise you may a often, able." comfort- more am more?" more, putting good." I " by often, very often much no often good." am not am Exercise Write I Answer more have you " " often?" Hov^ " said have You (3) " make The 38 Parts of Speech. XXXVIII. KXERCISE Write where and repeat or : The 1. The the chases The will boy The 4. l)ell rang. work. 3. boy struck The fire burns. 6. words some 2. pleased. was successful. his tell to how me I 4. I before. than happier was 3. happy. was I 5. was She amused. was Write He 3. married. was was All 91. words these A 92. 93. else word Remember, it is not ' how me at taken was prisoner. home' an ? or the done. ' ? is must answer ' repeating hov^, ^vhen, therefore are to- Verbs.' Abroad words, question the to where two us They answers Adverb. contains tell to means been have you Verbs is that (^*) when ? how to which Adverbs, called He 2. that something where or tell to noisy. generall}^joined are words some " He 1. repeat or often : but when^ " lie 1. how^ me exploded. repeat or : mice. The gunpowder Write much 5. The 2. grows. schoolfellow. 7. tell to " corn cat words some an be ' one Adverb. in is one an of word ; Adverb, which, as Adverbs. will you is is but Adverb, an (See Note Adverbs example : He much by is * board * Aboard ' not. Adverbial an well as used Phrase. tives Adjec- with (^") Verbs. with as (") pleased | j^^^^^^ For y^^^ ^^^^^^ ^.^^ Adjective, Adverb |- with Adverb. ) (") pleasing very ^.^^ 3 conduct. a be can ) book. is too This is is 'Twice* " your This ' times Adverbs that and was on Adverb. an 58-61.) pages 94. ' called three ' but Adverb, an is not soon, SCO 39 often true. Not. Not 95. same as for For be the a it answers in is I will " In 96. it, be For example, or denying help " " Verb the states I will " not much I will help help not to in is " " is not so verb, Ad- an hoio much? help you," the question him him?" help you not with call I will I will you ' the question will ' at not' a help help You will ' not' not statement. wluit all ; is and all^ or no-whit ^^ in the middle of him." Verb a whit,' which no- the How not at not to parsing careful word ^'' put, answer 6. jot,' ' not example, may %. ' ' spelt once was " ' : may of part him," not' say (not) do. the stating the is the that Verb. Adverb " I will 40 The Parts of Speech. Exercise Separate Adverbs the from following Exercise the A pleased he Look " with clean to in me I do longer not to bear it. ready to up and said, "That but 3'ou ham your tail, and a events, I trap had you did while you believe that, if not it off/' cut yet told not wiU frankly find not had 3'ou ever above answer. Am (not). or repeat Exercise For burdened what a example states : I a wise do 3'ounger a of old them fox got Tail-less; came to I greatly with no show can all tail off cut it. pect sus- all At so bered encum- I shall tail, and always will again, you XL. the state, and and The that out Exercise Write will were tail grows your you you to never wise, confess something will well, Mr. how cept ex- burden, and us are this moment." all very you purpose You ; But and bear you weights a together no are not was as you. as tails. is all serves you off in their in tails while burdened admiringly^ off cut If useless them cut listened foxes long trap a have them behind ground as should that mass race tail in not am ^ these wear how you the a his called he I me long bushy a and at Verbs " lost So italicized the companions tail-less. said, : 09ice his that was beat had that fox XXXIX. italicized what question Verbs in the Adverbs the " in what condition the fox is Parts The 42 with Adverbs Now 97. you about years less says, "how this Adverb any ten are years your old " than "I far here when ten am is ; But they we ten years that true?" ov ten am not often they an}'^ a old," So just the we ten?" question am little more Consequently, when question ask, Or to that "I say are able knows ask not years be to person a need mean old. ought for, if boys years exactly^ or precisely^ "I sentence, old, he age. omitted. Verbs Strictly speaking, old." add take of Speech, "Are ten or a boy arises you else, "Are Adverbs. only you "Are boy So or J you see you 98. : An question or any one some ten?" ten?" And Or of Adverbs in else, course his a reply. " How sometimes far is this Exercise Insert almost of these Adverb " or fully quite use may nearly^ 43 Adverbs, following sentences : " ans^vers true ? to the " XLIII. such as the above, in the The 44 1. I am The 3. fell " am ten " but ; certain at " was before the explains tells in '' such of use Others Adverbs of Many I 5. I am " bb haps^ per- he true that will come." he will but come, will he comie." "he probability, it will come." Adverbs these what to how possibility or possibly, probably attention it is far mdicate 100. 4. JPerhaps^ undoubtedly/,cer- tell you not "Aoi^ 3'ou I But 6. wrong. tamly, assuredly, possibly, probably, does I fell. day. to- right. am undoubtedly^ Perhaps late " o'clock. ten me are 3'ou He 2. caught that I This 99. started Thomas that of Speech, old. years train certain " Parts for ; say 3^ou added are to example, '* call he (") will really, certainly, verily, truly, positively, indeed, actually come." XLIV. Exercise Insert Adverbs probability, {i:si^xQs%\ng possibility, certainty, in or 1. he He could will did. 4. friends my have would seen " Insert in the following have 3. He that have did he he ; but tried Adverbs, following to to help a : I he assured He boy, " have I fear so 5. civil 2. may as he " is, you. call attention sentences but : present. had, " would he me, come " be if he hear not : certain. else you, should would sentences it is not heard he " said 3'ou but come, " not answered. the " to what you say, Adverbs. I 6. will surprised am compel be himself, present am disgusted " Adverbs The 101. The 8. king his sending conduct. will " 9. son. 10. Did I he " how? words The 102. there; their as swers, an- there/ore. also may whence? wh]/? and well as Adverbs following (") where? Adverbs, then; whither? Questions. when? called thus; 80, in used themselves are you " ? this say " . of such 7. am j^ou. instead by I 3'ou, punish to me at 45 hither be bered: remem- thither, hence, , thence. rest Insert motion or of some in the these following do live you " lived always I Will will begin? you " I live in you begin shall begin " . or Adverbs : of " XLV. now? 2. other sentences Exercise 1. and London in ; I have manner? this Is 3. this " . train this he coming train say going this you behave and not from to badly? Derby. or Derby, yesterday, so from Derby, or or it coming? is it going? " did " 7. is " The he say train it? Is 4. 5. Did do 6. " is coming " Parts The 46 XL Exercise Parse : Why are savagely wolf the way [Specimen.] VI. in words the following cise Exer- " " at italicized the of Speech. to the higher part below^ water went could not so that from of the the hack come quietly replied spoiling you " How lamb. the m}' The stream, wolf wolf to can down I wolf and quite was the water?" to was the wrong the wolf. spoil So your tJie said drinkivg lamb some ; for lamb, the water? the and lamb It Adverbs. from comes the replied wh}' "I did wolf said was father your "But lamb. " gi'andfather creature died Then and " ; it quarrel early was and tore a " certainly he ; father my pick to her 3'our at in once a not was lamb. trembling determined I " "Yes O, bom then" the pieces. fell last me the or the it July." said spring," on swered an- remember, grandfather he last replied I " abused in murderer?" Ah," ; "but before, me lamb. the right," are you than call and me wolf. the the wolf, savagely/ said did," Perhaps " more abuse you never 3'ear," me." j'oii to *47 the great- helpless 48* Tlie Parts of Speech. Exercise Parse : A the italicized VII. XL words in the following cise Exer- " lazy fellow March saio a 07ice^^^ said he, I want shall not going out swallow. " I it " can sell again Summer mg this morning fine one is great-coat year". coming now, Perhaps in at for 1 CHAPTER VII. PREPOSITIONS. " 103. Suppose Where are moving?" are not writes now?" living you you friend a The asking you (2) or What must rest^ living (1) Whither " (1) here^ Adverbs enough. answer to are hither^ (2) write you back? 104. you (1.) " 105. (2.) " just am country, If and hito hither? London, near called posit- means Now These from the instead been words using for Noun, thus the of ple, exam- placed (Pre- a before be- means placed.) I at of there^ for answer thus: I that shall example, ruler. this shall answer for the Prepositions. look and about, answer, may London, have before Prepositions 107. j^ou using You placed Mvord are motion^ been you England.' in Nouns it place, one Thames." have a in are the here^ fore, England, moving now What Adverbs ' in am 3'ou across 106. Noun I '* in Thames." the ''I at are you answer, may by If ask you tells mention 'head,' Rest. I am where nobody some 'hand,' going it is. to Do or not But anything. Noun move or 'me,' noun, Proand 51 Prepositions. shall you tell See, I place it 108. Above 109. Pronoun or other I Now Before Below ' Between ' ' to inside Instead Over my ' my the of e, some 'book.' ' my ' ' eyes.' desk.' head.' (see Around). seat.' ' my other some the Without desk.* in the left *hand.* the Within breast.' ' take head.' m}' With ' ' rulers.' desk.' (2*)the ' desk.' the other ruler.' Prepositions 110. ' Under desk.' q/*, i, place ' my Bound ' I another Outside side.* Close or On ruler.' hands.* the place or my Next my bettoioct or Beyond my ' ' Then Opposite another other or desk ' (^) seat.' Beside the (28)mar beneath or books " back.' ' my about face.' ' my Behind place it : side.' three or 'pen-holder.* my and again two them scatter around them take books.* ' ' my some among or my At things, and been one O " knee.' ' In Noun the Amid athwart or ruler : head.' ' my Across {^) is, by putting I call out. that By ruler before Prepositions these of the where me So once far, the placed ruler of has anywhere. Motion. been at But rest now when I it has take the The 52 ruler and them as will it move the Down the * the ruler ' of of the * face.' ' "Is inside " Make six " How rode on a 2 T'o, when part of the 18 now is and before not a asks desk.' with a each one and six up the with walking you cook, Preposition, did way Jack his Make etc. one ? mouse sition. Prepo- a " Six does where swers. an- the Preposition. a for a thus "He " "/"is a Preposition. and Verb, : in "on" example, parsed Adverb, an cominj? Verb, * of the answers. Parse donkey," Strictlyout slope and whence, Four to each are Preposition, 1 face.' ' castle, smells his answers, Whither " flow ? the "Which (4) "Whither, A finger and desk.' ' my somewhere, (2) up (3) 112. ' my the cupboard?" the ?" Thames slate.' XLVIII. into questions, he ? run ruler desk.' * similar more ' a To Up desk.' giant, coming he the " Toward desk.* giant-killerhidden "Is making thumb.' the A that so Through the Exercise (1) : Past slope ' the Out the move desk/ ' my Of I desk.' From Into desk, the along motion^ book." " Along in them set " Then 111. and walk were : 4/l5er the ' book, a of Speech. Parts as Preposition. *^o walk,' (See p. 106.) is often called Prepositions. '*0n" Verb Verb in as " ought you Verb, one it carry'*) to is not a Preposition. a Preposition precedes to " called being to and it is if the remember, (as treated therefore 54), page But 113. a before 'donkey;* comes (see 53 of part a is carry" to the Verb. 114. have Notice example, be be ow on one Do doing reminded that Verbs therefore it is Verb as can are be them: His set gone *' What the a thus donkey** a ought you questio?i a : " question: a expresses a command: son was do old boy you fore there- his in the not the put thing I boy on " but before stranger That that the on from down another " market to first stranger place; : by his side, walking ^ shameful following riding got man yards in the words once was Why many on XLIX. lazy fellow^** said The and will Verb. a man " you answer express parsed below), italicized the old a " but statement, a Exercise donkey. but for Verb. a Parse the Exercise, next (18th line), expresses it is An and may Noun, its donkey;*' poor," the may (4th line put little on a well as Such Xook " Preposition it and what?" on nor Before 116. " the between poor yourself command^ or one " " 115. to " ask not sometimes Adjectives some must that the You met key?** don- donkey they cried strong a had out^ young Tlie 54 riding^ is feUow down, son off the donkey^ all lage^ had donkey old carry the carr}' them,^* great ened difficidtythey fast- donkey between them next village the try a their shoulders. ran laughter teas out for tainly cer- the carried in But the the ridiculous than it little poor thus father., for at Again see louder his to to " donkey., pole.,and please ourselves, to one stout people said them^ at Then ever. Had " we not impossible seems please everybody." to How 117. are " them.'* take ' them 118. But Verb can above ' : it take can " always can 3'ou ' ' them of them," or " Noun side betell it; after ing concern- cannot it. Verb take but Adjective, Adverb, after a ; after them," An (^) Prepositions other in this wa}' example, Preposition. a many mentioned Preposition for tell to There those a with on man young better a cannot to him the Look to donkey the little way a on the and and when fellows got off, and sights village But man strong Tliey ought the the f^^ shouted ! man him. shouted^ th^ old got up, behind viU next donkey the on ^oy^ travellers big two mount man outside come beyond it^ two those and the young before, and they them both his man^ the at legs. took man walked^ this, they both heard they When his on they passed through not you is man all three and villagers laughed the do Why *' As old So, the old tnan,** young donkey. of Speech. this while Get and Parts can ' I,' : ' " I like he,' etc. them." True, before it, while but a Prepositions. Preposition but A 119. but Preposition ' he * not 120. swiftness "the the taQ?" is what meant, have the see, the much 121. their (2) " speed, /br six daj's, one answer why? the an of the his Tuesday, the In " used an and sentence, Noun So, together are sake other since how words, are in o/*, because brother, and Prepositions the travelled He questions together last which out have might ness;' swift- ' haste, of owing or during Monda}', on Wednesday?" ? the ? when They long ? how Preposition the much sometimes with and as same Adverb, 122. may tiU etc. Noun in like brother, points long ness 'swift- distinguish the do what us me,/br whose us the Adjective. an Again tell Nouns to, his as tells You and Preposition same with in with ^ long-tailed monkey.^' "the said, it, us does monkey liked, in the had if 3^ou Adjective, tell what tail" long horse' or to us monke3\' ' after used. the o/ horse" the " *them' are the helps or of ' " : it. horse," in us ''''with sort might the "q/*the and you tell Here ' take before does q/* tair long or What (1) " remember Prepositions How '-''from them," sa}' So can * I * or can them." \iQfroms " not You cannot. 55 be Prepositions called consisting Compound of two Prepositions. o\ more words Hie 56 Parts of Speech. Exercise Some 1 one L. into comes the ask to room for a . I ask him, with not such like 3. Make ? best Why of^ on Three did such etc. 5. then, that You may see, the answer by Adjectives : kennel," country?" with but etc. three up to^ because owing travel?" you with questions answered following " ? ' ' The pen Whose ? ' ' The skin " A man woman (a) Oftohat 3. (h) In sort? ichat dition In what 124. A order con- " A ? " The in handr my of the of ^ lion,*' sorrow?." in questions with boy its Noun answered at the may top'* also b}' Adverbs GO " honor,'* ? Preposition following its Preposition Which 3. the the Make did do sitions Prepo- throughout^ How a . 4. dogs Adverbs, as, " boy answers. Noun 2. in back?" Prepositions, those in the with not and the " with dog remain you come of^ of for^ during^ as, you account 123. 1 did hair," answers the " as answers, such with answers such red ten up answers, Prepositions Which '' ten up with loith 2. etc. long three bat boy Make How " up '' the Nouns, Prepositions, 4. " Make alone, desk," and etc. " as last the you boy?" Adjectives Nouns, on Which " boy. answer : " The 58 down arate makes quentl}',doion parts of so up are and ' say down hill ; " the and Compound the and down ran Verb, one of Speech. knocked^ from in "he can you Parts knocked picked does what?' as down Conse- up, Prepositions here, but not knock Verbs down pick and up, 130. (2) " before a Adjective an Phrases the parse When ' Parse the the bial Adver- as Adverbial an Phrase. LI. italicized [Specimen.] words in the cise Exer- following " The hare scoffed challenged she, in as vain,' ^for once,' 3'ou may together Exercise and irregularlyused 61.) (Seep. : Adverb, an first,''m at words two or is Preposition " wjt" to of half he plodded. laughed a at him to yonder mile." The till her " the a tortoise Done," hare sides "Let race. rock, and sat dozen the to At his slowness, run," said us shaU you said ached. /br have a tortoise, and watch him last^ tired start off and xoith Prepositions. she laughing, fell crept up the gosil. Now, indeed, But, before up. had down crept the rock, waiting /br word ' ' a-ground,' exactly what tell can for 'on to ' ' used Sometimes asleep asleep therefore In sleep.' or you ' nor are what ' neither awake and : him top, the was up note the toise tor- the on I " ' It asleep,'^ sleep,' like does not It rather is Bible 3"ou might for condition ' is come an "he that suppose because can find we example, here the words he is. But before Adjective. into Adverb. an lay asleep,'' Asleep the of them 'on fell,'but came. curious fell "she a-board.' ' hare or : spelt Adjectives; awake^' in be or the in line ' fell hare this 'awake' tell how Exercise, to board on you see sleep,'* is seventh the state You and in the 'A-sleep* 132. her prize. this ' asleep from speed the hill,and doing Before 131. tortoise nearly'caught reached the awoke all her she " had she hare with him she was the steadily approaching was late, the after swift so " and too dashed and sleep, Meantime^ asleep. hill the had 59 a ' is put fell on asleep in ' "He seem neither Noxm ; The 60 Notice 133. become gradually (1) how " I " I go go Parts of Speech. Prepositions Adverbs : and Nouns may " on-my-feetJ' Ordinary Adverbial Phrase. (2) o/i-/oo^" (3) "Igoa-/oo"." Condensed Adverb. Adverbial Phrase. PreposUioiis. An 134. that Adverbial answers one Phrase of the ia questions a of group how, wAen, words where, why. 135. from BO. Wherever a Verb, You can you as can Therefore in ' aslc at separate Rcoff at,' above, "At what?" is a a j'oii Answer Preposition. Preposition sliould "a do toise." tor- The G2 Parts Speech of LII. Exercise Parse italicized the words in " respectable A country-mouse mouse ate nothiny. spread out her of bacon; begr/ed He mentioned sJie tJie had once back But LXII, the with what them. Come shall you happened fashionable there up friend I will tJie mouse city^^ house to tell new said At things^ good her liked. shxxme (^") town in last quite with the home these taste shut country-mouse her my he what confessed But to At dishes She scraps guest. her thousand a of " There the once -mouse. her, tell town- dainty her to the ionable fash- country-mouse her and please tow7i-mouse heard the peas a But supper. vain could at not " of store country consoled he, In nothing she to to town-mouse young invited once you and rich the in Exercise went city. CHAPTER VIII. CONJUNCTIONS. Suppose 136. You school. how ;" " You can might I and cause, on " will I " say, was much with ished. pun- better the to he- word because punished was I " together why? explain say be punished was to as at why parents I " late being your and it but ; sentences to so sentences late two to feegin, you go two was those join and you use explain to punished, were you want for punished are j-ou I was late." LIII. Exercise Insert ' as,' ' such the between though,* Tom knocked Harry 1 words, joining because/ ' as following down sentences Tom " since,* ' : tried to " kick . him. blowing. The 4. powder 5. the hare I will 3. match. was willow The 2. " swifter The go of tortoise the beat Joining ' after,* ' words, while,*. between the 6. the wind was want me. dropped The hare " tortoise The steadier of the the hare beat the two. LIV. Exercise Insert not soldier The two. was do " " tortoise The " You away exploded The bending was such the as ' when,* following sentences ' before,' : " 64 The William 1. Rufus died. the Parts 2. thunder. sounded. steed ' be not be will You 1. been but and in given to the to A 138. I " will You hopper grass- She " afraid not am had be where A conjoins that or word is the 'junction* railways two 'joiners,' which Conjunction a way called joined/ are is the name joins together (con- sentences. is a word joins that two together. 139. Let John," and to make us take that words changing ' 4. unless/ The 3. in winter thing. Conjunction How These 2. Conjunctions,' " place same sentences words bugle ' : idle. are might same together) two means into a word a if,' sentences truthful. are words the given The gi'ass grows. ' as summer. called are much means such starved the heard AVe " me. these they name all lazy All 137. have not queror Con- LV. You " the " The " following You " threaten You " poor respected would not the between though,' fired starves words^ joining lightning riflemen Exercise Insert William " the saw The The 4. reigned We 3. of Speech. the John " can a two sentences, dislikes,' we me," these be shall Conjunctions. sentences, liked join will list of and such let sentences two Conjunctions. for as us " try I liked to find together. B}^ slightly instance, altering ' likes obtain new Conjunctions. ' The 66 of Speech. Parts (7) I fif* help will I John * that provided John } helps me (8) will I not " John } unless help John helps me (9) I shall to go } } or John John will to come me (10) I that* help will { in John John } order like * that may me (11) John I should lest* help will or for John may " that fear dislike me (12) I helped John The 80 ice so 140. the that after above) Conjunction, be boys fell in (all those Conjunctions some second the may The } that "/ Note preceded sentence, placed ^r*'^, without by altering meaning. For 141. after the ) thin * liked me was marked its John } [that example, John sense, liked ^^ instead me," After John you of may liked saying say, me ''I liked without I liked John altering John." 67 Conjunction LVI. Exercise Insert Conjunctions, beginning 1. winter " used 5. have had Conjunctions, beginning 1. him ple Peo- ink. much The 3. cheaper. sheep were I shall innings. your " LVII. down. 2. It " tried was a fine cricket. at The gun did not He ought to show : Harry. wind They 4. The by his Insert (8) 1. Conjunctions, a;t the " You are lazy drowning promised beginning do not careful. sailor boy had that he have a wet. was is sorry. he says is sorry. will following He will : " not get the not out have (6), (7), and Classes You thrown great things. He " from sow. would to bent. LVin. of the You willow determined conduct EXERCTSE The gun-powder 5. off. go the at knocked Harry blew. day. " above (3) " kick to The " Class from following of the Tom " game The good a mine. Insert You and pen sleeping. was the at invented. became Exercise 3. gathered was with Books You " had ant books (2) above, " printing " shepherd straying. have 2. : The invented. The " in. write to printing was 4. following set food. of store of the Class from the rope reap. 2. prize. 3. saved. did nothing. 4. " The at once. been " " He The 68 of Speech. Parts LIX. Exercise (12), between boy eat. .We We " It will not " He " tJie Conjunctions The " baby in Look be for ready bow. 4. Now 142. is the over 2. wild : heavy. so join together a the strings two attack may to following sentences Thomas I like more. I sent You I between them than^ thus : and " join ; but to reverse them it is more the John came I like might by fire. I like 143. your them as I like pears taken. mis- You " I like John for at sailor be may 3. should kindled (11), The cold. You " Take beasts and I like Thomas was " " again. sum accident. an (10) catch not coat. hunters The night. wood Classes from might his The " to work. " LX. following of the her wrapped hard. ought This 6. We float. beginning 1. worked We 5. The 3. wet. get He 4. Exercise Insert and 2. reap. may might live. living. (10), (11), " He prize. the our earn may : " may lose should He sows. shelter. under ran must following the farmer The 1. Classes from Conjunctions, Insert as order much. apples less. to of " soon. by inserting but usual : insert the and or as sentences or 69 Conjunctions. (13) I like John as I like more I John came (2") as I ate LXI. The thrown swiftest plums. some 2. horse off. appears. the The " in the I Alfred. I liked to doctor John find the was must too : (2) John after First it. ^ Reverse in the order did not The 8. forgotten of brought after (too)liked joined Sentences example, had of out class. come to the some the of these me. by a junction. Con- I repeat the Conjunction, For rainbow I 7. (I " " L" 145. 4. soon.-^ as sentence ; He out The jumped in my " set I motion. Word " rider The " The 5. 6. got down 9. second better.* still in was against fast.^ as shining. Conjunction The 144. How is sun cakes. accident. (1) tences sen- (can travel). travel pears scolded woman word following warned was train cannot It " I " A " like lesson. my watch I The " train. old the stopped suddenlj-. 3. race-horse like) apples. know pears. " them. the for. sent was I like together by Conjunctions : was I than Exercise Join Thomas. I like Thomas. (2") as apples less 1. I like than soon as I like much first and ask sentence Sentences. ' what?' of the The 70 Exercise below: give you the When "" ask the What? Answer: dine." (1) and And 14G. going the and me," What '' or me;" of reached down at Now the to once joined together to^ me," but^ " but beside different liked that with John's what for John," has found example, John liked me?" liking John's from what have (1) disliking "I (2) or and ; that you or or ''1 besides or means after and What '^ (2) answer, mice different from is to there was city." Conjunction, a liked ask, the sentences addition in spoken John can you the belonging (1) Conjunction. sat Consequently, sentence the to two will answer, when. as be to the *'They (2) are before. gone " (2) used The reached (1) ipeans but^ when is mice two Conjunction the what?" belonging when city." by of Speech. ^^when sentence (1) '' Parts liked dis- John." Remember 147. the Conjunctions back^ look must not marked not forward, italicized the by : but^ for^ on pages for G5 and all 66 yovi - second your tence. sen- [Specimen.] sentences Conjunctions joined together are in the following cise Exer- " When down repeat what or * LXII.^ Exercise Write and^ at the attentive dishes to once to in dainties. admiration, his his The for reached mice two The dinner. the town-mouse guest ; he brought larder, and heaped poor she country-mouse was city, they not out her was accustomed was the sat most choicest plate with filled with to such 71 Conjunctions. At splendor. but their here sitting were live in host ; in heard what the matter, for his hfe. fear, and with informed her, the again, that rather might back go are either. bacon and " to are peas ' ' and ? what plate with dainties." her plate with dainties? out the choicest J^or: because to such mouse '.) splendor was ? filled with quiet was the country- but ; again would I Though home. cats no are tha7i (I like) and (1 ) besides : (2) heaped " his heaping he brought " larder." of his Answer Answer: all seated better : Answer because What, a 70.) What, such to of of fears." Answer ''for what?" accustomed not ' dishes be kind to town-mouse But quiet page " her in midst in the (See above, : the yet there there, time claws the quiet country my country- breathless him, to very will town-mouse, before. as You dried cheese When, on go if yon the After her her had which, cat. replied she followed a to denly offer, they sud- jumped begged dainties no I like And called was last, at the kind before up had always you, only just escaped replied, mouse there his for She town-mouse dinner for While striped animal, monstrous means," room and, : was ran all she like should by him noise a said house." my they she home at "Ah!" make thanking was whereas Come, gladly Moreover , this, I like trenchers, off wooden of silver. straw. " room a dined velvet, live I will " mouse and were town." accept ask dishes on could "iyi she plain but nothing home : for (1) (I^or splendor." she (2) admiration." was "the she " not was means accustomed poor country- The 72 But dishes but ' ' : dined ^^ (1) besides the Answer : in that (2) this." (2) "I sitting were make room While for you." ' ' while countr}^-mouse was : while What, a Now A?id: before, sentence, something is stated what ? home at straw." her from Answer : "I like this? Answer (/*(!) "you What, " live could : live in town." to if (2) Answer thanking : him country-mouse offer? kind his heard the ? whereas that Answer: what velvet? on different live house." house? What, plain if (I) Answer: m}' over more- velvet." on always my but from straw could ifl like in in she silver." means Answer: What, room room for plain "lywhat?^* a home "at Answer: there was but of sentence What should j^: different sitting nothing one "i/what?" like a in nothing ^: their velvet." on were but, generally like they here Answer: what?" had she other.) " (2) were dishes whereas ^^ home having they their " is stated the ' ' there was sitting fact ( Whereas^ (1 ) what?" moreover were (2) "at different What Answer: *'the3' Whereas: hut : trenchers." Moreover: (1) silver." wooden off of Speech, Answer elsewhere? this from " ? what of were Parts Answer: for was (2) will will you "1 his accept will while cept ac- gladly (1 ) kind " the offer." him thanking suddenly "they noise." notice the and " which " Conjunction next what?" is itself she had The a carefully. word next Conjunction, time." Now and to followed remember by : is the Tlie 74 like better midst in than " I fears?" of Parts of Speech. like Answer: like "I (2) in cheese and bacon dried the peas quiet." LXIII. Exercise Write : when the searched crow not find she spied in plenty neck tried had Just she when she set All to drunk that 3'ou into time was work. is the thus pair : " need of once, no use. of so the tip and she of it will the jug, rise an each hour drop write sentences my with had passed, the it stir it. up spair, in de- she, will bill.'* " I rise At thirst, she fell, the stone it, ; but not water to up in the down over giving nearly fainting As reach to jug was After narrow. "i/*," said her. eagerly reach not could point the for sorrow, There hour an could she awe? could she was to struck every at half the on she flew vessel her, for croaking thirsty a but was was for dry, water, jug, hut and., before half had it attempted was in though ; hut ; stones higher, and bravely she thought new some once, Down of the next heavy drop crow cise Exer- following very for she in vain too a rose in the was While in the water the water, bQl her of because jug. a weather evcr3'where drop. a pushed was joined together are " Once, she sentences Conjunctions italicized the by what repeat or the water clever jug. in doing joined by each this cise Exer- tion, Conjunc- 75 Conjunctions, When joins together the 1. " 2. ''a weather thirsty Now is here by (2) Pears (3) Beef Where each is : is Take than apples. mutton. as joined together sentences two Take (1) sentence but sentence, one tences sen- came. good as some " Conjunctions? came" "Thomas omitted. Verbs better the . diflSeulty. a are are these of . aTic? Thomas (1) John 150. water." . Conjunctions with dry" very crow with Conjunctions 149. was where is : the other? The 151. of wa}^ and " saying Thomas together of So ; good." same 153. sentences (3) But that contrar}', 3'ou sentences really join does short is as way good." joined unless ma^^ your simply hoth^ and^ than^ a of short saying, " way better" are Mutton is (^) find alwa3's easily cannot are is "Pears good." are a (2) sentence wa}^, you therefore, opposite is Beef " came," sentences. the and and short a "John viz.: that is (1) sentence sentences, saj-ing "Apples (^) and two that came." two In 152. is answer together teacher write down without they join together. {^) and^ by tells ' out j'ou the tfmn; to the Conjunction mentioning what ' The 76 Pairs left : city John is sense) might be in to put Conjunction, another only^ the I dislike but John, for ample ex- cases and both^ simply sentences same likes : joined by are as either^ down Conjunctions as me. destroj'ed. write may 3'ou John. also John {both) {^^) taken was and or I like do these In 155. join I like only) {Not not for (which " {Either) The the altering way the prepare Conjunction a without out Conjunctions. of Sometimes 154. of Speech, Parts for they but^ or, also^ and, left be might just for Though Because help sometimes Again, 15G. to out without mark the example of beginning sense) the altering (which the is second serted in- tence, sen- : you dislike you have In these me, I like {yet) helped cases therefore^ simply sentences you you. {therefore) me, as Write or are repeat what following italicized conceited may write Conjunctions, as I will for yet^ and they join and the because. LXIV. sentences Conjunctions 3'oung down joined by though Exercise A Conjunction 3'ou. 157. same a cock was are : joined by the " angry at being* 77 Conjunctions. scolded* he said but I go * in before or^ she did cockerel. " Not only did also said no well, but she there. "ut chicken of and * fight,* want to his feathers There the times his but down I cock from never those 1 all the marked Sometimes he speak said the the to truth I his down a it wings when again. feathers the of him up see ''''Ifyou ruffled new down well. thousand a thought of So enemy. again. LXV. in the Exercise above, except more easily by *. slightly altering day words looked cockerel came live 3^ou." Then, this (^^) * conquering * the ! I believe bottom well, yet the the foolish say,* warned had at the clapped with the Exercise l^arse for ruflaed, he young leapt, and he as* ready am mother against nothing to* him threatening* Though much* well were was he cock me) See size. peeped foolish could Immediately as* crowed, and age went, against deceive eyes as very me warn chicken my own my fight." to wants (unless she he 3'oung truth," said the speak harm He was : to soon out a mother my not saw am not me as (^^)* awake. I what well rose, sun and well than but : night one told the to go quite the She the Either *' is older I will was of bottom. mother farm-yard Whe^i brink the the well ? a (p. 65, 4)^ mother. my in mother his My as rises." sun the " well the is there over wise as am So mother. himself, to near the his by the second Conjunction himself?" V" question "What : can "What be asked happened happened, or {the) so {that) she did one not TJie 76 left Sometimes : {Not city John is sense) another might be in to put for Conjunction, the but {both) {^^) taken was and I dislike or I like John, do these In only^ join I like only) 155. not for the (which ample ex- " {Either) The altering way the prepare Conjunction a without out Conjunctions. of Pairs 154. of Speech, Parts cases 3'ou both^ simply sentences same John and destroyed. likes me. either down ^ Conjunctions : joined by are as also write may as John. for they butj or, also^ and, sometimes Again, 156. be might left just for to out without mark the example 3'ou dislike J3ecause you have In these me, the I like {yet) helped cases therefore^ simply sentences as as you is second serted in- tence, sen- you. {therefore) me, Write or may are repeat what young down for I will yet, and they join joined by though and the because. LXIV. sentences following italicized Conjunctions conceited write Conjunctions, Exercise A of beginning sense) the 3'ou. 157. same altering (which : Though help Conjunction a cock was are : joined by the " angry at being* 77 Conjunciions. by his scolded* he said but I * in be/ore his the the or^ she of did ' ' there. "ut chicken of wants Not only also said (unless own crowed, * to his feathers There the was Though times his but nothing down much* to* I ruffled, he cock young from the (^) those 1 marked Sometimes he speak said the the to truth his never came a see down of him wings when again. feathers the well. thousand a cockerel it ''''Ifyou ruffled new down thought of So enemy. again. up LXV. in the above, Exercise except *. slightly altering day looked tliis * the ! I believe bottom well, yet the words fooUsh I me) at foolish live say,* warned had conquering all the * clapped with the Exercise Parse cock readj^ for 3'ou." Then, am leapt, and he as* peeped against See size. he mother against and as went, the me deceive eyes he very could Immediately him threatening* warn chicken no my well were she to soon 3'oung was : harm He truth," said did age as* fight,* want mother the as out a am not what (^^)* saw I me well rose, awake. my speak fight." to sun than but : night one told the to go and well the She farm-yard quite Either my is older the not well, but she mother I will was " cockerel. and ? mother bottom. the When brink (p. 65, 4)^ mother. my in rises." sun over as well a My " well the is there the wise as am near go himself, to So mother. the second Conjunction himself?" V" question "What : can "What be asked happened happened, or easily by more {the) so (that) she did one not 78 TJic Adverbs words used Conjunctions, when It each of For is very in example, he good last (1) '' nothing said but, etc." only ' to so, tell Where Adverb be an is together. Part ask first of the Therefore joins word as and the force Adverbial of together thought junctions Con- sometimes etc., might therefore have to seems be to the force verbs. Adof Conjunction, a the Conjunction. a tlierefore^consequently^ why^* in cockerel that how you But it is difficulty is, it does. tells so so " (2) Speech what Adverb. LXIV. other Adverbs sentences which an and not are good," so and you a well as called is it leapt" like be lie he The tell to Exercise of down IGO. they join is, if j'ou " then^ now^ Adverbs, as is, therefore sentence Conjunctions. "o, easy words these of Speech, as that sometimes 159. of used Remember 158. but Paris an it may Conjunction. Conjunctions following incomplete an Sentence. 161. Take explained." therefore each incomplete, what?" join to such sentence a Each of these mav be called making us what?" "explained each "John of was these ask to another travelling?" as makes a " I asked," a Now : and but question, what sentence, "he statement sentence the or each " words for is asked can example, Hie 80 would they why they Why " do replied he, * come came their laugh you I at have ? us " said What in the ''^Because" pocket, and my word him laughing.* out they. chameleon a does. when I J so " Tells as (Put " it it saw 1 had for * \ ( \ it is ...X '' the " " ( if Tells 80.') " that how you \ /" could could ( "you had ( had J that I " do { " ( " but blue" not . just Means did, . it seen it" ... I " it" saw " no e3^es the}' would blows have third up" came . how say?" to mean far . . precisely," " . air" seen I.e. you I have a fancied' have not as " " blue" was "you green. (is green) \ "you I " green" as grass you it it of beautiful. ' as n shade sight good a the in lying was how you f T Joins I '' I so '' to answers is it true; the tion ques- " goes then. then why Tells J when, you ( " \ " asked them" , they \ "they When " ( "he quarelling were told . . . burst . . . a them told they burst hut ; asked and Wh^n he dispute, blows to up quarrelling. were '' then just of cause of Speech. * have soon traveller third the * Parts " dispute" laughing." with Conjunctions, looking was what know to and will it white prove than blacker now it at * was as color neither Here it to look turn the word Therefore it is a Conjunction. " Therefore it is a Conjunction. Therefore it is an Adverb. Therefore it is an Adverb. " Therefore it is a Conjunction. " Therefore it is a Conjunction. " Therefore it is a Conjunction. Therefore it is a Conjunction. " Therefore it is a Conjunction. " Therefore it is a Conjunction. " Therefore it is an Adverb. Therefore it is an Adverb, i Therefore it is a Conjunction. Therefore it is a Conjunction. " ought nor green, is, gentlemen." " } I so ; produce now blue foolish snow. What night will it is ink. his 1 is. it that (**) last * only 81 is. ; for it it, but But was as The 82 Parts of Speech. What Aaka word the does. why ( T "/i"""" * omitted " I laugh '' 1 nave ( uihave. ..pocfc pocket " j "9 ( f . . . I have '' pocket" was looking night was looking night ought to know . " I '* I . . " " . " 9? Tells J 'j "itis . *^^*^^ 3^ou f ' Joins Tells f ' \ ?? where^ '. " marked those the showing the As she would a " ] '" ( " '* italicized what girl she ' " 1 n . it foolish was . . was . . was as .. it it " (so) ft white (is white)" snow in snow LXVII. Exercise the above except *. Conjunctions Once . . LXVIII. Exercise Parse it is wJien. words all the 14f foolish it now . I here ' ' Exercise Parse etc. (he boasted) '' you Joins (is black)" ..^ " ( T blacker" I ''ink Tells T when. you sentences : was went, get, and in words the following cise, Exer- joined together by are " carrying she began she tried a pan to to count fancy of milk up what to ket. mar- the money she would ConjuTictions. What the word is. Therefore it is an " Therefore it is a Conjunction " Therefore it is a Conjunction. " Therefore it is a Conjunction. Therefore it is an Therefore it is a Therefore it is an Therefore it is a Therefore it is an Therefore it is a Conjunction. \ Therefore it is a Conjunction. } " " do with it, milky I shall have out (^) between Adverb. Conjunction. Adverb. in the village shall be finer dance at the want fair me ; have I may I have than be to but I. I not I shaU least their shall the be fifty partner a next good a best dress girl all the lads So have Though at a my laid sell them, buy and money, all poultry fetch spring^ IwiU for will shall Christmas at had village sold chickens. fatten that be can I have eggs^ seventy die, I m,ay for Then^ price. ^^ new-laid in and I will which she^ Jive shillings. After J Christmas; that Conjunction. sixty of these pullets Adverb. five shillings m,y some Adverb. TFAcn," said " 83 in the in the when fine lady we and Tlie 84 them tell thusr and As down I)o Imtclued, she went not tJieir keep to count Parts said tlie these of Speech. distance,^ words^ tossing up went my her head head milk, your chickens before they are CHAPTER rX. OTHER * (1) Noun for give (book)? Give away." '* for Adjectives, of you cannot reign of George George and for for not a hear being that '' IV. like of these (which supplied after as that.*' that in are their Is '' of that for I reign," often am fact or put to sorr}- *'the illness," his is in that as the " ill? he put long for put that after so Again, is news Noun not here reign." Here (book) Nouns the was is Noun-phrase, ill," "the be ; this is this you the supply That III." book are sentence, But 164. "The the marbles take would can onl^'^ ten and eases shortness) fish What '' (book), these /rom have its These " : more." (book) all In I " that me Which books?" out have." without used example For (marbles) two me left I (fish) is Adjective an shortness. best (**^) Adjective-Pronouns. Sometimes 163. the PRONOUNS. of his other some Noun-phrase. 165. Consequently, Adjective, you meet and find cannot but that supply a it a these Pronoun. a with in has Noun generally', And word often no Noun from that cases, used with the as an it, and sentence^ is not an whenever Adjective, that 3'ou you may Parts The 86 is word the that say of Speech. here not Adjective, but think thing, an a Pronoun. others think the others " is Adjective, an Hence 1G7. for you For example, mine and supply cannot is in put for my What^ called be For in the from and ^ of hers^ them. mine^** not mine " Pronoun, " book,'* and not an What song and is, of did Noun a do at it is not she course, with least, an not tive. Adjec- sing?" an it. think?" you what^ after should question, What " consequentl}^ in song^ a it has Noun a ; which ? did he say " other" "an- Adjectives, any for not ask to unless sentence But asks used supply cannot you book, a the " 170.) when What " called after and called be Pronoun, a be is 3'our repeat yours ^ Noun a nouns. Pro- omitted. thine to book," " Adjective. (*See 168. This " therefore must right no can are therefore Noun mine^ some (not others) others 3'ou with " supplied /rom sentence: words the theirs^ have oursj "another" the otiier and som,e one put for is not persons from tjiing " is '^ " " after But, for put Therefore sentence. word is word The persons." *'fiome (thing)," some another and persons," in example: For IGG. what Adjective. (*See, also, " 169, III., below,) Exercise Parse the [Specimen.] LXIX. italicized words in the following cise: Exer- " A of a kind, but wood-cutter. {^) rather He foolish shared his bear food was with very the fond man. 88 TIlc None is Therefore is it is is Therefore " is is That it is Therefore it is is is is Therefore omitted. the slinking of away coming " otJier of (side)." fore There- wolves." the the tigress." Side" is supplied other is an omitted. Noun for " Therefore sentence. " forest." ours) (not our for fore There- for (not your yours) forest." ^'' other (not others) animals." Pronoun. a is put for a Pronoun. tells " 1^'onoun. a put it is These Noun "the for put it is Others with Therefore Pronoun. a Therefore it is put sentence. (not that) courage." " tJie is the "Wolves" Pronoun. a put business." yours) the for with Yours fore There- Pronoun. a put from Noiie " put for it is beast." wolves." (wolves):" seven from for is is Ours ^'' Adjective, Pronoun. Adjective, off the '''"your (not for a This wild none) Pronoun. a an put Therefore Other for put put is it is keeping " supplied seven" Thut for it is be (not "rio Pronoun. a JSeoeii of Speech. Pronoun. a put Yours can for put it is That Parts 3^ou "no (not none) coward." \chat words. Therefore "the lighting of fore There- it is an Adjective. This man's is cheek." put for Therefore it is a the Pronoun. bee on the Other Pronouns. Exercise Parse word every in LXX. the *' the The owl How shall eagle. I wish the owl, you will " I have I shall I will and " any easity know them in known fault, not point time, and ''But," mine. children to have with them. you." to when I will You seem little be* of nest added he, ought to * of not others the owl. he said of Just the he owl (*^) * think to the flew sanie eagle had this m}' when The that ^'' eagle, children anger. explained Now the dinner." and terror However, nestlings, killing them, ; very them. the for eagle some flew the to them Their the these. meet ; (*") those like time, Away not* forest is sweeter replied my equal ugl}' can* * screaming stopped seem the on down your I will so in replied the voice ej'es me," moments the least at was few a spied he their good-day." 3"ou in These he birds in the mine^ an^-where. their snow, astonish never came friend, You many but wish When '' met beautiful, as attack birds them to " said children," My " (") will you nightingale, a gazelle." a equal white as ones?^* that : friendship. a up beautiful most following the struck yours'' none is in young fear no the see eagle 3'our spare tfiat of than " have are words the I know to plumage of and I " but italicized Exercise. above LXXI. Exercise Parse 89 not is * as your that they Parts The 90 of Speech. Exercise Parse all marked * words LXXII. above, the in those except *. We 169. both Pronouns as when stand they Adjectives as Because of double this Adjective-Pronouns either Pronominal (* *^) Pronouns, Nouns Nouns, to they use, (though or ; are : as " qualify called are less monly) com- tives. Adjec- (that is. Pronoun-) The}' used are as " of with stand they ; instead alone, when Adjectives, them. and words certain that then, see, " " I. Demonstratives, II. few, Indefinites, all, both, some, any, " each, either, neither; one; Which, III. this, thxxt,these, those " what, many, such, other; their and ; (**^) compounds. (See " 201.) (2) Possessive * 170. Two (1) My^ whose whose as whose, the in two (1) ; groups meaning. " are (* ^^) and are used ; have his, hers, its^ yours, " are Pronouns (*^) : Pronouns. his, her, its, their, and your, thine, Possession, se^sives. and . ours, theirs, and only thy, our, Mine, denote of words groups (* "8^ (2) Adjectives the but therefore onl}' three same closely called Pos- Adjectives, as (2) words, his, its, and ia group, and form related each both in origin and Other Pronouns. (3) Indefinite * 171. of body aught none^ " fiome, any, and the "Exercise Write words number a named the use thing., and eaxih other and of in using correctly sentences, 169-171. "" word same LXXIII. first as Whenever can, you Pronoun^ a and the again as Adjective. an (4) Asking If 172. some one could door-bell the name ask, you have to 'John., this, we 173. In the same instead etc.?" phrases or we ask, Who 174. place " of a " are What called interrogate.,they rogative Pronouns " a would " persons (^). are did has person Did number What., and Nouns, if asking, mentioning You to : Did Instead rang?" wa}^ of ask door, how Mary., etc., ring?" or Who " say, of different to allowed not Verbs? and names the at were you want yon person Nouns Thomas., or the supposing the and rings of but repeat Pronouns. Interrogative or the anj'thing use ask as compounds one, phrases only another. one of the ; with no used are naught ^ and every aoniewhat; ; Pronouns. following Indefinites The Pronouns, 91 he said this say of Nouns he say?" sometimes ; Noun- or and, called that., or used ])oing tlius Pronouns thing, some- in as the they Inter- Parts The 92 * Asking of Speech, Pronouns. (5) Conjunctive Pronouns Interrogative or used join to Sentences. (2) me." Tell '* have ? done do who done?" you what me you (1) '' Who Answer: know." (3) has come?" ''I do (2) know not come." these In 177. they do join to sentences joined, they the nouns, Pro- as they two They that are, is, they rogative Inter- were sentences still called sometimes are but, ; before Pronouns question. a and Interrogative Conjunctively^ used strictlyspeaking, used ask not (3), what marked sentences strictly speaking, not, are for are have ''Tell (3) Answer: together: not has who What *' " Join 176. "I together : (1) Join 175. were Interrogative Pronouns.^ Exercise Parse : farmer, idle, careless There Who " 1 all your do must you in the following is a when treasure put it there? Elsewhere Dr. Abbott money : find you in the To calls (because distinctive) name. so fear I will that ground ichom them death, "I said: and of point the at son spend soon words cise Exer- " old An italicized the [Speci3ien.] LXXIV. you " " does for sent that have here it will 3"ou tell you his what nothing. he paused. la belong? ConjunctivePronouns " a venient con- Other what part of get* it?" asked it, if you who tell 3^ou not about thing had not do* now?" his but forth double had He away enriched ; and this prospered he his as ever}'^- found and dug he of that it as gold, brought ure. treas- a industrious had * ought everywhere good as I bered remem- treasure so he must* he now what a that Wliat him an father he """ was became I will forgot ground that but " ; naan found the find Soon and told never will " it is." last himself; to to where pocket; worked crop After and he he digging a his in farm. the his till at father So do.* about treasure, said that to* 3'oung penny a nor The I do *'You it," replied his father put it there, the shall man. young died. this, he after the for dig What is it? farm the 93 Pronouns. man, before prospered him. N. 178. Noun It B. lohat is remember to and write down tell is it is a it is is a a at ''What must it or joined cases joins 3'ou " (1) do?" you it asks and or same Pronoun a to may "I will Therefore question. Interrogative fore There- Pronoun. answer. and it asks Interrogative a Noun such enough Pronoun. Pronoun, an be Adjective an no what say once. and The is therefore always In Pronoun, asking, Whom. it is ' Pronoun, an What^ is Pronoun. Conjunctive Who Who a (2) you." what Pronoun * What It will to easy therefore, if it has be must always not for. put that Pronoun, it, it is and question. a fore There- Pronoun. joins " (1) "I will not Parts The 04 tell you." is Conjunctive a Wluit is it is and asks it is Conjunctive a *. For the the Interrogatively, and above the by when The lion and agree which king of the 3'ou, who you and had hunt, are italicized the what used Conjunctively. " If wish* you thc}^flew By that to for battle time, terribl}^wounded do and they that 3'ou used when stag ; first. the fought "I I do the roared till the sun tired (**) Who " care went out, could* I first the ready." am the am what know a not not have* to* quite neither I " tiger ; " say?" battle, I were to tiger; is, the}' could but me?" 3'ou for joined together choose* that a but " had with and What choice." " in are," replied the do,* down and beasts," said'the lion to* mean write who fine a comparison words LXXVI. (*^) should* in the what; tiger killed except and words the do?" always not Exercise Parse to who between distinguish must he ought Pronoun. need joined sentences father LXXV. in fhture, you fore There- *'His (1) " Wliat '' (2) cver}'^ word marked it Therefore question. a joins Exercise Parse ?"* Pronoun. it and him." Therefore it there Interrogative Pronoun, told put Pronouu. Pronoun, a an What^ had "Who (2) of Speech. lion; At once down. and attack* so 96 The game. We " 7. Give 8. What Parts had is the I asked " of name The in of cannot always the be it is for which not only the book. are going This also position of "that" cannot because if it take ' Who, Note 182. the last For ' : " " He "The had twice ' sentence only In cases tells us \oho 4 sentence it would boy.' all the in all the house," What been is complete something more instead played we " following gained was and the about of tences sen- Thomas." by successful." ; the asks one game? the ' : incomplete. Yesterday " " are of sentences boy,' is used ' take Conjunction, a for before is in is junction. Con- a to meaning asks Noun that incomplete prize Thomas,' the force of of that" *' policeman,' join together (1) as some which. after Even now Noun, such " an "This naturally But 183. (2) ? one not the ' after house game," give cow,' example, What the the and Nouns the Exercise house,' ' whom, that place But after policeman,' word sometimes has position next came put for seem the in the Xha Conjunction, a and is because has it Consequently the that same substituted. but that.* * sentence, above, put in the Pronoun, a first Exercise others, of positipn Observe 181. a You " the for 3*ou place? the before. tJie place. to " tJie game pla3'ed never book. the me of Speech, ' Here second Thomas.' that: "The Other prize been had twice successful." before Join 184. together Thomas." by who gained by Thomas, was 97 Pronouns, "I (2) before." Answer: whom Thomas, purse." together (2) "The beaten had prize beaten twice robber took by before." robber which purse, my twice gained was took my Answer: pounds." ten gained was Thomas "The (1) " jTjJcontained " prize "The I had Join 185. "The (1) " contained ten pounds." LXXIX. Exercise Join the following who^ whora^ I 1. Yesterday well I the is the " farewell never persuaded was of in my the jury pleading for the ? place before. 3. like not to th", again. acquit to it friends. my the prisoner, You " pirates friends see sel. ves- Arithmetic I do " the of the him beaten I bade should beaten foot-ball. at 4. name pronouns are 6. going to place. (*^) 186. two what What/ Join 3'ou say the He " * do I been always pla3^ed barrister prisoner. What have captain present when not was cricket. as the story from have we thought The 5. I " using " I 2. her. Jack. " this heard boarded as : He^ however, " by which by sentences together ? " become, you put say and (2) " is " for the * two That What is you same as which.' (1) sentences : wrong." When say, Thus wrong." is the that that that is whxit which. " What joined, wrong," is used or junctively, Con- ^^what the I two is What 188. are name We ; if but, for who (1) Tell (2) The ; it word Noun ; does not who Consequentl}^ In which the when in but 191. Pronoun Noun 192. carry carries you is said the so Interrogative to the carry be that as and preceding to (though the}'join Pronouns. well Relative as ; merely Helative. called Pronoun to Relative a Jielative but John.* . back you ' to Pronouns Conjunctive as preceding an^^ back to Conjunctive are Relative is refer a to Conjunctive a preceding Pronoun. Notice you same gained an back way called used or the who lative, carrying) ; practice the}'^ are A nouns Pro- prize. by John, together), they course junctively? Con- " 3'ou (2) same not are (2) in they sentences Of in who ^ Nouns, have is almost carry (re-,back 190. two (l),wAo in but Pronoun Pronouns before. Now 189. ? above. as should the gained and Conjunctive them sentences gained is prize twice prize who * the to used, we two said?" I Relative * give to call did, we in the me of when might truth," joins truth." the we the have meaning which^ what^ that^ who^ but "What but nothing wfiat^ in LXXXII, nothing (1) is the What name is sentences, That " (2) said have of Speech, in Exercise example, For 187. " Parts The 98 that back) to he^ it^ etc., preceding are Nouns Relative ; but (that is, they are Pronouns. Other Relative from Consequently Conjunctivel3\ used not 99 differ they Pronouns. Antecedent. The 193. Noun Pronoun or put, is called Pronoun is Relative Pronoun) for (since it which before comes Antecedent the Relative a the before {mite-^ ; cedent^ coming). Whxit 194. But it is in What " for Antecedent is thus ' which.' ' which,' it is said that For true," wh^t is say you Antecedent. an Antecedent. an that,' Relative ' for put with contains sometimes example, used never is what When to be put Relatively used. Exercise Parse the tell he italicized the Who ** has who knows turned up you must Now not tell what made farmer pointed place did in where not haste. leads to * soon ceased, up jumped promised has of words hay-loft, which what as the he the fox sound and of walked he the would the the fox?" the he winked, close the and meant, in when, was But standing. thought So but ; will house." that him. become in thej^ were As had of I hidden fox to if you your had the become the understand obliged much " huntsman that answer to the him. What no said about farmer '' following : anything know had said huntsman and * the hay-loft and be lane the in the fox?" shall *'I [Specimen.] words the seen farmer. me LXXX. the the to huntsman rode hoofs quietly awav had awa^* The 100 *' !" Hulloa How me, be to kind I can't who and reasonable, when point * at what stupidity of the huntsman, the verj" all heart my kindness j^our Till shall and the not made can you tJiat^ I ? of." "seems with you will thinking fox, hay-loft. by mean 3'ou the why Who * kindness * be (*^)to * even Hfe? * doing? you remember can thank me in me stop not replied to are your you will I explain you not saved what say," you do you What " tJiat does beast a of Speech. farmer, have understand What 3'ou the it that comes thank* " said Parts plain ex- thank the kindness of host." my N.B. 195. wliat and called be once is You Relative (1) who and need wJiat Pronoun. You their what being sort Who Pronouns asks Therefore That^ it is put they question. a no question a time, is Pronoun, a therefore (*"),and ask each Who alwa3"s may Pronouns asks Who used of is they may at tion, ques- tive. (3) Conjunc- cases, down, dent, Antece- an they Pronouns. what Adjective. an other write to which^ ; when ; in not are And that for put (2) Interrogative 196. i/jAo refers Whenever " take alwa3''s a when for not granted write merely that down are. it is Therefore and has no tive. Interroga- Antecedent. Conjunctive. for 'the Conjunctively. lane^^ Antecedent, Therefore it is a (*'')and Relative noun. Pro- That "He joins (1) would What which. "The farmer asks Which^ for ' Conjunction. What asks which. asks 7%a^ joins (1) thank to stop "How me." TFi^o, put for That,, put for Conjunctively. What which. What asks which. it is a ' noun. Pro- that for put it is (2) a tive. Interroga- do j'ou not Conjunction. jT,'Antecedent and junction. Con- and used it is Relative. and the is not for.^Aa^ put Conjunctive. which. Therefore and is it is not tive. Rela- that for put Conjunctive. it is put for not it is question, Therefore That^ 197. that no is beast,,* Antecedent, it is for Relative a it? question, Therefore tive. Interroga- it is Relative. 'a no WJiat^ put and comes Therefore asks it is Therefore though Therefore that for put hay-loft^^ Antecedent Therefore ' not tion. Conjunc- a Conjunctive. it is question. a is it is question, Therefore What the now Therefore no it is and (2) promised;" Therefore question. put had Conjunctive. it is a 101 Therefore question, no Therefore What and Pronouns. tell." not asks Otiier act of me.' pointing at asked specify fore There- Pronoun. N.B. " joined Conjunctively If you are together by but not who and to what^ Relativel}', you the when must tences sen- used rcmem- 102 ber Parts The who that : what and of Speech. of parts are second the tence sen- " 3'ou will tell (1) If (2) who me knows of anything him. He (1) would lohxzt (2) tell not had become of him. Exercise Parse all words LXXXI. above Exercise Parse Exercise A in sat the knew, the cheese her plumage, : this said nothing all birds how but proud to carried following do 3'ou." At she the off to cheese his do these thought ; hole. The a words she Bird yovL bird that crow could sing her beak, the she Wh^it sing. the opened which as not glossy, fox was I have of Paradise, whom birds, and the of praise to that '' he morsel a and saw beautiful know not She of the that began added, Queen you him smooth truth. so * cheese brought words he he of piece kind last very (*^)the is not nightingale. tumbled the soon give flattery, he I that * When that am {^) sing, yield the I was herself admire, sorry to At jet. but calls her in vain. as with who * fine a all the tried which tickled is He but black as in which of scent persuade the with bough, a spot, * to and on mouth, to Pronouns " crow her fox : *. LXXXII. italicized the marked not Ah are. If 3^ou would did not became as so well as down and snapped ! up and The 104 (1) ^^ Which (2) *' You (3) of Speech {or tohat) book which know Which " Parts you?" have (or what) prediction^ book I carried was have." out the to letter." * What " (3) On 202. are sense) any in thee." is a " or In " I That time I in all possible that and number a in of sentences the wa3^s 1 kinds use Viz.^ perhaps of in story to any the of care I (in will trust tJiat (was) afraid," using correctly who^ Pronouns and what which^ LXXXV. a your of them prediction of History Battle old-fashioned writing. can (the Relative). Read many neither LXXXIV. "Exercise the tive) Rela- man" afraid, am (the "who am thee." Pronoun. "ExEiiciSE Wnte since say time in trust that and cannot That Demonstrative will Adjectives, as We Noun. a who hand, used I afraid, am other the never qualify I time of the Hill, Bunker words, own Pronouns and using as States United you an rewrite then as and many taking can, count ac- as great correctly. just made English, in but a it preceding certainly paragraph. occurs in some (3) is styles CHAPTER word; You have and it make to THE OF USES 203. been is told quite VERB. that true that a is Verb the that and statement, a X. Verb stating be can word other no a used can be ; they used. thus 204. may Verbs But express A 1. be may in used other ways " *'Will question: come?'* he he "Did come?" A 2. command: A 3. possibility take possibly but place, has that he etc. "I (1) ;^^ a "He tion, Conjuncfoolishly (2) should might, taken have after may without come, a or, com^.'* 205. (1) : everything." of Forms to possibly comes would, that something is, place knows he Conjunction, have if, " might or taken not ! that : place "When, thinks Come " or Certain by Nouns, forms adding of -ing, (2) Adverbs, the the -ed, Verb. Verb, -en, (3) made (^^) can Adjectives. by be prefixing used for 106 TJw You 206. Verb you will hear hereafter. say with may say For truth with (that is, they You used, whether command, 1 The forms they f Why " in To present, they that be used (2) Adverbs, colamn the You " a stating words'* question, (2) whether they are a used (3) Adjectives. said cruel are yet statements). be to used for {how f) to frighten cause be- Adverbs, questions how^ when^ tokere^why. *' see." are not can- "stating words'* make (1) or the of statements,' are to express forms although you make how possibility ; this ' they can, to the answer the these "I her." come.'' ** He {how f) toforyive.^^ is slow Forms ** he a (1) Nouns, for 2 (3) about truth may of Speech. more that add, if j^ou may are Parts saw." thus Seeing" used may in this be replaced by column means a Verb and some tion. Conjunc- ^^tohen^because^ tohiUy etc., Uses of the Verb. 3. -VERB. ( that I may I ( because . ' * 107 ADJECTIVE. see. see. when he after %,e. running (water) (a boy) living* (near me) saw, because (this) though when he was after %,e. surprised (at this) because though 207. Where word a form and of the (iron) broken (glass) Verb verb, you a heated is a junctive Con- insert the junctive Con- with 'to' for put should word. Some 208. be therefore of the explained simply by call : A for them italicized present stating " : must you words." [Specimen.] words greed}' quarrelsome " the not can- in the following cise Exer- " butcher 8 the yovi beginning LXXXVI. Exercise Parse forms was Living" it is an looking in this column Adjective. terrier, noticing another tells you wa^-, which slipped boy is meant. that into a the fore There- Tlie 108 stole and shop, thought (that) Now to do flowing not plank that shadow in "Give But bridged the the other dog at his I will mouth only seemed it to me? give 3^ou do, come ing all patience tlie terrier down carried led by not belong had his been his eaten his dropping stream, to Was Ate^ the angry, to fight? I and show once no into greedy beast, gain to with he had, he might beef-steak wliat noticed" If he have put for " when, or cause, be- (Adverb). it is Verb. a had. in peace. stating word, a did what already content the rapidly was the my answer, leaped trying now dog, prepar- he makes a made him, lost what looking^ Therefore and it to give more other Thus current. again. water receiving mouth drop. louder, still not beef-steak, which greediness, Noticing^ he his b}' the On his greed}'^dog, "When it." repent opened the stopped. mean you the saw him. upon will teeth, you he as do grow do said ; on to other an- snarl in the dog or " spring to The but you loHng it." for come was might still 3'ou own opening to howled "If shut: it he beef-steak seemed only this, the terrier Will If his that his (that) without snarled, narrow a saw beef-steak, another stream a across he stream, kennel. pass walking it, hd ate his to to Thinking nie," he he back obliged water. feared answer, " Here, for he keeping no far off. with Before go was : Irritated nie, would he this, he it to mouth of Speech. beef-steak. a the dog Parts a stating word, Conjunction ' statement expresses before.' about a the butcher, lows possibility^fol- Uses WinildgOy follows at To do, To pass, stating a stating a Verb. stating word, a Conjunction the the of 109 expresses possibility: a that/ ' word. why? Answers word (you verb). (Ad- explain cannot this present). Flowing, stating word, a put for that ' * flowed (Adjective). Walking, word, for put 'while he (Adverb). walked' Was, ' stating a stating a follows word, the Conjunction that.' Opening, stating a drop, Might bility,follows To stating Irritated, a stating word, irritated' ; ' expresses possi- a that.' word. put for ' put for ' -4^, because he (Adverb). stating word, a Though, while kept' (Adverb). 2"o . . give, . bility,follows . To . give, . stating word, a ow, Losing, lost' stating word, a stating word, a expresses asks stating word, fight, a stating word. Come a possi^ Noun, like expresses put for ' question. a ' a fighting.' convtnand. i^^AiYe or because (Adverb). Preparing, a preparing" Show, follows a if.* ' WiU was Conjunction the a Keeping, he word snarl, was he stating a (Noun). word a ' stating word, for put word, expresses a when.' a while he (Adverb). stating Receivhig, ^^ stating word (Noun) . possibility ^ Parts The 110 Dropping^ Led^ stcUing word, a * led (Adverb) Trying^ he both Parse out set men lame. was other on could walk came to bj^ himself. lame by drenched them. Meantime, bling along would together boy, have more he up in this comfortable a But at he he presently he On In if the to to foolish this dry hob- him, obliged his stop way journey, but, passing and way Here, finding down sat and road, village, they foolish man because passed man them each so plank. difficultyaad next ; the in. their helped blind the narrow fell the}^ were this across lame pursued looked who if.' have passed him minute. the ; blind, the that soon water, the through they travel be but every ' was know flowing great almost ; one quickly. with with follows might not and cross, clothes words stating known Very more nothing to did man stream attempting they because since ' " each way, they a bridged they had same much in joumej^ a but the rest for been words on If the ; overtook to he LXXXVII. italicized the walked he becaicse since^ been^ had possibility; going the ' put have might Exercise both while ^ . and express other for put stating word, a been Two for put (Adverb). tried* Had word, stating a (Adverb). dropped' was of Speech. ? lame met said, do "Why Surely they man little a rode wovXd on the NOTES. Page (^) The 3. Grammar, used naines). Compare them altered Page (2) 4. Noun. (See Page but The The is is and be perhaps, ) form) called an to Pronoun, be we of a and persons enlarge to of names their the to on the vocabulary ter. chap- next of qualities objects of Reflexives the is lord," am one the : their witl^out really no tion, excep- Pronoun simpler He for the h"r, they etc. my^ a verb a do you the is it yourself," same is person Pronoun- are Noun -Adjective not a "John's" of sort is called Adjective, * or (as is for put when "he," is Pronouns, they and Noun, "John's" for put of sort a a but ; But for called sometimes are Nouns. put are being I bade himself." for put of object struck ** emphasis^ made put for tive, Noun-AdjecAdjective. an more common, Adjective-Pronoun. same true sort is ^ of which John's his, is however, reasonings Pronouns. Hence, John. as (1) Pronoun a the of instead of only not e. apparent an "John" "his," might shown ; Noun. a "By a passing "Myself that are exactly "John," It " they of used (^) HiSf 13. because out in only denote to subject, Nouns the use rare as are (2) Page used but understood. always its word word, etc. before stating *The (*) "Reflexives as of i. encouraged freely, (at worst) or feelings, be Pronouns, simpler the valuable. particularly 9. From na^ne. borrowed is kind," any Nouns" exercise Page is Of " should "making to meant 8. ) actions, pupils which Pronoun, page of have we (which i.e. nominatef to French) Nmnina Nouns. Or (') 7. places, by it to word learned ancestors our words these the the whom from call to (through have Romans, which put for is is simply put John. for his^ a case Johns, etc. a is can be particular as truly a 114 The If hisj TieVfmy, *8: etc. fui'Sf she's, Fs of forms the Yet however, treated which " is said to be spoken of in this word book." **an ***. ) the recognize to their Possessive Possessive forms, Nouns) by adding Except his, its,and Hence, to." they whose, never properly most are instance, the use same to Wight the words to the book," vowel, a NounR. It is the **ane say before an way of spelt ane) be once adjacemt^ Isle Adjective or to once only like something In the used People we For adjacent are used an or is England. to chapter Now, the pronominal force, being true Adjective close one. as called (See Chap. IX.) ac^acent i"^)A 16. be easy (as are Noun. word lying means Page Note lost their (*) The 14. and formed are Adjectives. as Page etc. following a then are) by adding Adjectives. have they Nouns it is not as Pronouns letters. (See without same the his, her, my, inflectional used But, called are (as the toe's,etc., they might between latter * of Speech. formed were Pronoun. connection the Parts e. g. or **an apple." Page (") *The 16. Adjectives). by Dr. Abbott, Page Glossary, Son (") {^^) 18. is here be must Article name supplied a ; "winter," Almost is after ** urged second," box," paper classes the is Noun can be of which material Adjectives (5) Adjectives dition, (4) Ordinal, of is. Adjectives of used a as thing any- named Qitality or axid Amount, of Number Numbers Quantity. be may (2) Possessive, (3) Adjectives Distinguishing, generally ivory pen-holder." "an of which eveiy denote especially to (^^)These 18. that Notice " is made Con- that sometimes are (1) called Adj(*ctives. Numeral Page cannot (^) 24. (i*)It 25. rides be." May Some of these any words, three such but heads, as became, grew, simply must be words. stating Page " under come called the to (or Numeral v. Adjective. an Adjective, Page Numerals etc. Page Noun, s. " " 17. "third," an si)ecial objection A of is true same be may together," it is a Verb. a Noun But : in " we for it is a had ant pleas- some and name, not stating word. Page 27 (* Transitive, absolute. ^*)The at another same time Verb, however, Intransitive. may The be at one distinction time is not a Notes, (* **) 27 Page Full definitions 115 foand be may in How to Parser should be parsed ""59-62. ^^) Hmv to (^*)This and Page 27 (* Page 30. the orally,before Page Page the much ? how long people with really used Page Adjectives. But we Page Adverb is includes rarely used Eeally that how say **much 44. (^) with how ofteni that " Noun. a such **Even means so : is Adverb the Even brave perhaps understood. is used much be very I shall ** this " Adjective an (*^)Note 39. single Exercise. a how? soldiers, trembled the as write to question trembled." soldiers sentences t {^^)An 39. other many pupil begins (^^) The 38. Parse, chap. IV. happy," with " but I Verbs, pleased." mu"ch was with very happier." Adverbs These called sometimes are Adverbs of Emphasis. " Page 45. (*") Sometimes Page 47. (^) words For parsing. means Page calls come teacher calls out Page " is Close here and ** class forming part of in name come?" you are *yes* come." ruler a,bove his head, and a"t, or or it is,calls turn side, and his near accordingly. answers strictlyan They this by I will not places the places it by, the and : (^) 51. Adverb, he Then side " ""Will to means called be may Adverbs. class, or the pupil whose The "head." out "above." out ; and verbs. Interrogative Ad- or not are answer no' * Asking *No* in " (21)The 61. and example, I will ** *Yes' sentences," for put called Adjective, also used an Preposition, Compound a as close to. Page and * (^) Near, 51. next, Prepositions. Page 61. ('^) WithoiU are Adjectives, used also Adverbs as as Page notice (^) 54. : Bui " generally now used The spelt houty once was * or "punish in 01(1 means Page 67. of sense one any English "wait (^ *) The leaving out, was the same (like the he-out * Till the following Prepositions require special two Prepositions he-side^ be-fore^ he-tween)^ |ind excepting.' So, "punish leaving out,' or means in * of. deprived is other "without," meant but anyone him," eaxepting him." ot as to. So " wait till tomorrow" to to-morrow." following definition has been given : " The 116 ** The Preposition is Pronoun to Note that Page with how **how use now 70. (^) before they be I good so for The **m which, Hence is degi'ee)mutton ** mutton as good as is as 76. Page (^) and Two " of " Page 76. two" (See the is (^*) This the but, which Page 81. (^) just Hence Whether We ** as we only tlie say is here question quire re- teacher is much It easier than (2) is this : degree, how. are better." (3) is this : " degree,** and or also originally,"ow was as " (in that or, by inversion, (in degree) good," " beef " " way asleep (see is a "two Here vnth two," Both {i.e.not or ** destroyed." 69) p. Phrase Noun, four." ^.) saying city was Adverbial make two as of be said to be cannot hut. Note the like ** same of use and and the be four" in coming or is Adverb, an on wake. the after sition Prepo- except. means (**) the themselves. by are good," make short a by compi-essing the Page 77. (^) Conquering formed 79. joined will ^egvee {pian) apples way, is as four to seems Page is two make taken city was Page 77. (^*) Awake^ only) beef and two to two." added beef from like in what Sentence good, used was (is good)." mutton compression **two good, the so pupils, who of Sentence what in or much?" Sentences of Sentence pears are, explanation degree." that i.e. C^) 76. **how is." LXIII. whatever good apples he task much very 'Mn meant howt as the Exercise good,** etc., "flw guidance do to that soon," young and help meaning a i.e. however meant what ace, Pref- see Preposition spoke 8i"ecifyingthe of expected be (2) sentence **m or to." early English In etc. am oral of had once Page " ? I that **as Specimen Exercise. Page 76. (^) The full explanation As Noun a But that, the question difficult found, however, Than a " Exercise is very can the to good The deal good a good, of sentence." boy much," as as. by Conjunctions So, relation Pronoun "the : ** answering " ? we Page is in (*^)As 69. soon where the the the in Pronoun ** will shows Relative the the Adverb an that word other some alwsLysfollows ** word a of Speech. xii. p. is Parts can was once, ** say How Adverb, is not now, terrogative In- used only ten, nine, eight days ago," precisely, jicst, an but ten days aojo." connected far is this true with ?" (See last, and p. 43.) ing answer- 117 Notes. Page (^) 83. short a chickens, between 85. Dr. (*^) Pronouns" ; used (with 'few a Adjectives. Adjective is, in truth, simply An mode a used "Adjectives was are as a seventy." heading intended shall have "I saying and sixty words Pronouns of way Abbott's the but properly more is of number Page This exceptions) Note (See either of as **i.) Noun a a or Pronoun. Page (^) Bvi (^) Too 86. here joins Adjectives, two "kind" and "foolish." 87. Page " too . . is something . Page it is in the it is Page (*")Like what stantive, (2) the part named for put "my It begins known having not in whole The of Some Adjectives in (**^) The 90. to them," them, Whose sake may convenience* Page (* **) The 90. Is this its book and belongs) less are last still say, "The has " come ; ? a use made ; but the by of who others have Besides semicolons and of his former vjhose and are paratives. Com- which, but for Possessive, unquestionable, you have Pronouns. wonders it is word is one as neither but lost Adjectives. No, the " man it is true, have Distributives^ common day sicb- (1) " properly Adjective-Pronouns case as substantive " the function indicated classed William's whose write, "The perhaps, be all Pronouns. as really a is like Pronouns, uses, Pronominal groups (* *^) all two (1), are use used are of double this These, is that naturally (2), properly use 90. truth (respectively) Quantitatives, Page could fore There- are. eyes adjective. parts. few Page but little (wies." your " " is other the or both ; in and So "children." or incomplete Adjective. ^^,) have (see Note Nouns, " "creatures" wives an the sort (**i) 90. this, a (Seep. 76.) ignorance." Page kept for is (*^) This 89. "my one put "But but. as Pronoun. a of Page fet*/a/so. is (hies sentences same like Bible, "your 89. tell you i,e, (^) 89. the joins is his" ; Shakspere and it's,'* (that is, is as to we, it whom familiarly so used now. Page (**^) Historically,mysjid 90. forms of mine mi7ie and and thine, thiiie^ and case-endings the ; and as a r of the is a our, s thy decayed your, are form simply "decayed" of her, and of his, its, ours, an. their yours, The are n of sessive pos- hers, and 118 is the theirs It same s to the added was character Neither * (2) * adjectival,in Mine and Pago used the from Which them p. 85), which Pages 94, Page Antecedent Page word is be me." Page * (**) thank what But are. thing, Page used in 100. " " to some^ the Noun Thomas. rule our (see for Pronouns, otJier^are the sentence. which be.used always can Prepositions, Note ^^) for **cvcn : is the the when even natural so iis same advanced is for put describe they What he did say tfiat had may ?" thanking as have Pronouns they you been put for what ?" think lane," the " for put they is do is WTw therefore : what What put ' of sort that " not say thing what what been would that ** pupils * thing a some thanking." for ** with connected is always fairly say If (""') and noun. Pro- Relative a not y (*8) But 102. Note and tohom (see cannot Conjunctively Page (See Even before you e.g. and them, from with person,' wJuit Pronouns," are it is and John Here, according after that Less (***) 100. But Pronoun. Nouns supplied **To aa eye." own mentioned ?" well as incomplete. 100. to You Pronouns Conjunctive pronominal, scarcely supply can you see a (**)Note 97. Adjective^ never Pronoun. a as (*')fVhich, neither, 95. supply cannot you be must flectional in- luteiTogatively,is generally used where you thine ** than e.g. did is Adjectives, once were when ** sentence, called often (1) name: house," mther itself by of the Mine Adjective used times ^* of the ignorance use. (**) Whichy an as in in John's, in occurs as r. however, thi-iie, as 91. Pronouns four to never ; apostrophe) Possessives, though of is entitled Pronouns for last of Speech. its (minus of the class Pronouns, as Parts Tlie is here Preposition, meaning a except. 26.) ^ Page Page less 102. (*^)BiU (^) 103. mechanically, (1) meaning That Page broken. 105. thus or means older : introduces of the (2) Who, For here only, this pupils and is rule an Adverb. might be expressed " something necessary to complete the Antecedent. which, (^") Or introduces other a new changes, fact e.g. about the teach, taught; dent. Antece- break, The 120 Parts of Speech. How Write find then words the in does. the hand left the on word each what out column a Tell to After ; that, Tests. If is, the 3'ou : what Part will Tests following I 2. ^ a or and Pronouns, Or ' ' the before dislike,*in like?" you 1 * ' ' or Speech sometimes " If . with of be a word useful to " Nouns 1 doubt in are you it is Noun a If " There may are be used very few to make or a (sometimes after question, '' ' I like,' What do Pronoun. word a word come can the to answer Adjectives, " it) a ean'-^ statement." Adjectives l\\al cauwol between come (See page a 106.) V"e \V\v\9. \x".ftiiL. 'Wv^ Notes. Parts you of Speech. write may 121 down what Part of Speech each word %8. or the and boy," 3. ' he/ 4. after " the A six Verb, before A it is Noun, a " good a boys." If " word a it, and make Preposition, it, and Adjective: an not ' he,' ' it is sense, If " take can word a 3'ou,*or ' ' a I,' ' 3'ou,' or Verb. take can I,* before * them ' it,it is a Preposition. following are to the the principalexceptions: question Adjectives answering all^ any, neithei'. some, many, whose? to the more, " (1) The viz. my, youry question how many? (5) ing Adjectives answer- our, viz. etc.: (2) some none, no, both, most, another,several,each, every, either, Tlie 120 Parts of Speech. How find then words the Write in does. the hand left the on word each what out column a Tell to After ; that, Tests. If is, the you : with I 2. 1 ^ ' a or Or and Speech sometimes ' Pronouns. * the before dislike,'in like?" you of a word useful be to " ' ' or Part will Tests following Nouns 1. what doubt in are you it is If " There may are be used very few to make or a a word (sometimes after come question, ' I like,' What '' do Pronoun. word a If can the to Noun Adjectives. ** it) answer a " ean'^ statement." Adjectives lUal cauwoi between come (See page Vw. \V\w?. a 106.) we-^d. TKe Notes. of Parts you Speech. write may 121 down Part what Speech of each word %8. or the and boy," before he/ A 4. after six Verb. A 3. ' the " it is Noun, a a good boys." If " word a make it, and Preposition, it, and " Adjective: an not he,' ' ' it is sense, If " word a 3'ou,'or 'I,' '3'ou,' or take can ' a Verb. take can I,' before ' ' them it,it i* a Preposition. following to the are the principalexceptions: question whose Adjectives answering to all^ (my, more, neither. some, m^ny, the f " (1) The viz. my, your, question how many (6) ing Adjectives answer- our^ t viz. etc.: (2) some none, noj both^ most, another, several, each, evei'y, either, APPENDIX. HINTS English be can of a is not Spelling laid word down often is often, and words Change of many Rule. as ** in is with word a be or of was the rule def/-ance; will words : in to NecessarZ-l : affix to plain ex- " parsing the preserve the English ; nobilitie ; felicitie to -y ; greed/-4ies8 ; -er, -ing) beginning of gldd-yest." the word Hence " remedi-al, termination of ; ed; remedi- French the -fe, was which -e: clergie. before " y of countri-es. equivalent extended (except remedy, country, original consonant, a addition sound ^^ easi-est; easy, words also -ly, -ful upon happ-yer," by the the merri-er; regular is other any " citie -ment, of order preceded i into Otherwise e.g., these final -y vowel. altered, many This is Thus principle doubled in well looh strange or this it ; but words. spelling the another, to of merry, Indeed their changed changed is -ous, a Defy, In often of with following in example, happy," -est, -al, -ed, might The variations of For y. " familiar derivation spell to way by the spelling best detected " letter the become be of sound. original I. the form one towards rules systematic no knowledge The Letters. A " from will of The it. to that irregular case. so SPELLING. so help a the misspelt is for always read ON beauti-ful. other affixes, viz., 124 Ajypcndix. II. (1) tho affix vowel, or (8) -y remains (2) -y is already terminates a monosyllable, generally unchanged : (1) Pity-tng ("pitmiff"); (2) enjoiy-meiit,valleys; (3) dr^r When y. " preceded by a in all these " cases -y is -iw/, or " neds. Tho (3) reasons tlie sound because Exceptions. words the (I) are desire altered is not Nevertheless, " to avoid ii; the retention by of out and (2) in conformity of -y. to other " makes "Dry" *'dri-est;" *'dn-er," "tri-al," "tr"/," ''tri-er;" "day," "dat-ly;" "fly," "pay," "pat-d;" of "lie"), "fl/'-es;" "lay," "lai-d," "lay " (Past Tense "Ia/-n;" N.B. III. in -y- word a Active ends Participle "pity," "plenty." -ie, tho in ety."! "gat-ly," "gai- "gay," from Pite-ous, plcnte-ous, When the "sat-d;" "say." is avoided juxtaposition of by changing -ie -id into " lie,ly-ing, but Die, dy-ing; It-ar. " Omission before before an an IV. of Letters. affix beginning with affix beginning with IV. of Rule Instances final is (IV, Y dropped vowel ; but (V.) retained Rule, " -e a consonant. a are " sens-tdZe griev-ancc ; fame, fam-ous ; sense, remov-oWe judg-m/y; please, pleas-M?*e;remove, i"\"m-ing; sphere, spher-ic"/. Grieve, Exceptions to IV. (o) C ''service," outrage") must followed by an affix beginning " and (1) and retained (2) : other changes to IV. 1 usage * " (h) retained -e, -?/, it is often older of a, o, sound, hard To final ; outrage, -e in if prevent is times some- When before -e by -t, outrage-o?M. is -ing, preceded -able. Webster, Worcester, Richardson. gayly, eayety most t!'n\uniett^ seem probably due to French in America. unusual and in England, not are But forms (e.g. become u. or judge, " (1) Service, service-ft6/e (2) Unsale-able. Exceptions with soft though necessarily '* this ^, ; ," blame, " This Gaily and still to be -o, is in gnifty, the best Appendix, 126 with tfotoel a word is doubled jnonosyllable (e. g. the last syllable (e. g. order ** ** ** doubled, hop-iug": the is on "). remit Die sound. to preserve nut were ** is in ** (e. g. a Tliis in final consonant -ittiug"),provided that the word sit "), or a polysyllahh acceiiXea the (e.g. "-ing"), If the would hop-ping" be consonant with confused " (1) Hop, ho/"-/7ing;thin, thin-ner; Accent on the Accent last. forgeWing, renii^-^ing infer-ring, ref owing occur-j'ing, acqui^-^ing Exceptions accented the on VII. to last fat, fa^4e8t. on las^ the bracketing, debiMng cove"*-ing,offe/'-ing sever-ing, crediMng Words " not in ending -I, although double syllable,nevertheless -I: not " Traveling, -fer; coun8e^-/ing,-Zor; reveWing, -fer; marveZAlso, fing,-/()U8;riva/-/ing;leve/-/ed; untramme^-/ed. wor8hi/?-/;ing.i Unparallel-ed is an exception. ^ Exercises. 'Cd, -er, Add II. I. and -s, as -ly, -ness^ many -ousj as -s, possible of the affixes -al, to the following words : " Lonely, employ, gaudy, daisy, decay, steady, accompany, enjoy, enigy, silly, occupy, busy, giddy, jelly, colloquy, chimney, ready, journey, shabby, annoy, prophesy, felony, try, lovely, efficacy,convey, lofty,supply, dismay, defy, gay,* vary, penury, stately,day, IV. and V. accomi)any, Add as -ingj -lyj -nient, -ouSy pity, many as -er, -i/, marry,'plenty, continue. possible of the affixes -ahUj to the following words : " blame, marriage, whole, sole, decree, ease, feeble, move, peace, advantage, true, spice, village, due, charge, trouble, trace, pledge, judge, guarantee, manage, abridge, disagree, excuse. Love, ' * accented And a on few the more last ; e.g., bias, kidnap. These words were perhaps, once, syllable. 2 to the fact that Probably owing Qreek the containing long e, it may letled,^^and spelt accordingly. ** unparalleled have been once " is of Greek pronounced derivation; uuparal" AppcTulix. Vll. Add -ingj -encCj (where possible), to -otw -er, 127 " Control, bai^in, recal,^ peril,benefit,admit, liallot,danger, infer, pencil,debit, acquit, abhor, glutton, lx;gin,\t(nmn^ suffer, traitor, extol, rebel, travel, comf"el, level, worship, cancel, gambol, model, sever, equip, allot,riot,murder, befit,ruin, sin. Reasons I. -ieve. should borne first; in mind that Irregularities. difficult in tKimetiinffS receive," as come Apparent It " ** words such t -eive, for but ** believe," etc., after (except whether difficultywill the c) i the : e or if it is vanish first c^jmes in decide, to " (1) Believe, reprieve, retrieve,fin^eve,mischief,mischievoos. (2) Deceive, deceit, conceive, conceit, receive, receipt. The this for the reason tennination whereas -eed, non-Latin -ede. introduced were the represents -ie is the II. exceptional spellingof -ceivCfis that A " early Latin French cap-j cev- ; termination. few from compounds and the rer^ived Latin the ced- English spelling: " Succeed, proceed, exceed. These Other it words compounds no longer was to custom the Latin four are found not is -our, -er. " * These " is Latin -or Englisli. Hence, s the -or, : Anglicize or spelling of tained spelling is re- the French ; -our accounts ** for terminations is Latin dcmble the e in (Fr. degre). degree" from are tliough different French ; -er " Note ", paf?e 125. in uwd afl an once Adjective, and I'receUinK latter case it \" i"i"clt preceading." " when Shakespeare's plays.* in English Kj)ellingalso ''agreeable" (Fr. ayreahlc), sources afterwards, recede. concede, precede, The III. till introduced " Accede, These the Hence foreignwords. in not were Shakespeare's plays. in common very are See '' " once as a Participle \ in 128 Appendix, Latin: (1) Actor, collector,demonstrator. (2) Colour, honour, odour. ^ (3) Painter, player. French: English: Note whenever that, according not French-Latin the origin, '*extinguish-er or); *'vict-or," but " There is recognized -ablcjis not Thus the 'ble. In Governor" "honor*' Latin the the would -"r; and Latin e.ff. or er," defend- c{e/en"-or,txtinct- be is to save space is now Strictlyspeaking, -6fe, " not : and Root. tennination the and penetra-j was of the being part a hi a few ciiaes, but way, and -ble is the termination Root, of ") (for "governour aspiring to correctness.* termination, word same be " generally Nouns -(a)blc,-iblc. Latin part of the " -u. correct, and as is English to Vero the especially in advertisements, French the according vanquish-er." tendency, a Latin: IV. termination (the Latin " by omitting is formed Noun a rules,then, though Latin to " i is many, * indisputa-ble, delecta4)le, indispensa-ble, (1) Penetra-ble, demonstrable. inconsola-ble, indomita-ble. insupera-ble, ible, (2) Audi-ble, edi-ble,incorrupt-ible,mdigest-ible, indestructrepreheus-ible,incomprehens-'ible, incompress-ible. English V. Verba, Verbs tJie Verb Latin -able. is the Noun of in -ce : (1) Advise, * fi*om 2 save class correct In words " The space. : and America of this the class for Our u, spelling. " in end many -a), provided in regarded lish EngLatin English as : " termination Distinguish -se and perishable, redeemable, the (2) (1) between the of termination tributable, at- ter- the license, practise,devise, pri^e. (Verbs.) licence, practice, device, price. (Nouns.) (and, reason to be with " (2) Advice, 1 ce. Verb the not inextinguishable, disposable. (l)-se, (2) niinatiou as English Indefinable, VI. does with is used also and root common so with words termination This " 'Movable," e.g. where (even that : this to some extent, in (Sen below.) is, however, omission England) a better bt-en consistent language has never etymologically important, though is the u one than now the omitted desire to of this spelling words to is really a hindrance in Appendix. 129 Spelling following The combined pupils in to one Niece, words should sentences for another. They limiting, potato, couple, mosquito, verandah, annalist, decalogue, etvmology, proceed, scythe, masquerade, quetp effigies, etiquette, counterfeit, concede, encyclopaedia, pigeon, menagerie, pleurisy, neighbor, linder, noticeable, pelisse, peremptorv, simile, rubies, sepulchre, analyst, leopard, 1 * Or * B"tter, pettier or eon, gudgbereave, bivouac, unique, available, sedentary, guinea, symmetry, peddler. veranda. , cv- ing, mimick- valleys, metaphor. * ban- gazette, besiege, quarantine, iournevs, milliner, cemetery, complaisant, hyarophobia, symptom, lough, fur- exchequer, obsequies, gelatine, obeisance, recede, succeed, chocolate, balloon, inveigle, (Verb), paroqut't, accede, guerilla, phosphorus, courteous, morocco, bouquet, accessory, geance, ven- syrup, license apparel, miscellany, ness, busi- cabbages, hammock, azure, apparition, ally, continu- anomaly, anonymous, giraffe, '-^ apartment, kidnapping, reprieve, annually, onions', camphor, lains, vil- principle, embarrassment, (Verb), deign committee, i indictment, mischievous, colonel, clothing, pony, (Noun), pedlar, " necessarily, cavilling, ecstasy, practice dignitary, character, league, intelligence, abhorrent, quarrelling, unparalleled, : kernel, mountainous, principal, the by set unarranged punishment, sergeant, be may be may ceiling, heifer, realm, poniard, or intrigue, treasure, gardener, They purposely are ghastly, friar, noted. courageous, almond, grandeur, be dictation, seize, awkward, leisure, List. men, speci- GLOSSARY ETYMOLOGICAL OF TERMS. GRAMMATICAL of Few the of many them But, been has misused are "accusative." it or in erroneous, How For meaning. the ; for name a Absolute loosed (Par. The ; of of e. song 1 a6", "]. considered or i. Quintilian, to 5, 41 a " : person a of ing act- [L. a"f, put*']. or " A " to ; Jact, word put Noun. [Gr. Aphaeresis ap^ "from;" Taking hairesiSf "taking"]. the letter syllable Jrom or a of syllable. beginning frequentissime in verbo, of quia a word. plurima huic acci- " dunt " satUm. Probably The a Latin Latins mistake. took it in The sense a doing. "cast to like agent, confronted prosecutor. Adjective circumstances the form The (Voice). that usually denotes or (drawn from modulation added the Verb abstractwn^ cantus, [L. arf, "to;" originally Perhaps "]. voice, accused Active it exists. sing^on^, the [L. drawn of front in in Lat- tive Objectlie Possibly the object as regarded Romans with The Direct the Inflexion. being changes i (Case).a for name a grammar the words. befall " of of treats used its ordi- " something which Accent a etc., an itself, apart the from) aw"y a on fall "be- accident part . Accusative adjuncts by " that which jromj tract-y name in (l, a6, is That "] an '* laid stress [L. Accidence from. away (Noun) from of used which 135). Abstract ferred re- is case. thing's, Grammatical narv t. case, in Participle, e. pupil the syllable. noting, de- solut-y "loosed"]. ". each Etymolopcal the . other construction " carried is definition, Now a6, "] [L. " (Construction) "from;'* apart, in mentioned carrying ablatum,or Noun, fluous super- Paragraphs the to are word accurate more or Latin among A be to Grammar. stated, each to opposite fuller a (Case) lattiSj " from The them proving "nglish to otherwise not Paragraph Ablative " of means applied when given meaning to best Parse. to The are the References, used desirable when and aathor, the by used are e. badljr constructed, q, "article," in grammatical'treatises, many planation to them, especially as an exexplain or they as thought is sometimes The below explained terms Greek (2) original instead of meant (1). (1) (2) cause ^ accrt* Etymological Glossary of 132 " Adjunct [L. w/, A "joined"]. mat ically jointd ywnrt, " to : word See to fore rer6, [L. a"/, "to;" word Verb to the " rw/, Hvliable A The they of in another made or A be at/ree Iambic used in an old French the Great. Alexandtr Alphabet '^a,""b"T. called of the list of the be ters, let- names "not;" \Gr.n A "following"]. break in pir. quence, se- lusU^ loosing "]. " anything b(tck (". y. into Hence Unloosinr/ Par. See Anomaly. " meaning irregularity." Antecedent That of a condition expresses because called must " See * In address was go How before to ; of one noun An or pronoun ancient word or Article [L. articulus^** a little A joint or limb"]. name ('7) correctly given by the Greeks fore;" "be- their words "]. (") used which (167). natural So " the Latins seeing they Dy "article") condition Clearly, Par. 41. apostrophe is the it article," because as a, joint uniting several ly together ; (b) then loose- served turning The old name person. be useful this would and atony for to of (as had was no short word, any Verb, Conjunction, or whether absent apostrophus term. the 32. expression. a its consequence. Write Rhetoric, some the 2 another, for the purpose of explanation (137). Archaism cient"]. [Gr. archaiosj "an- to sentence a so away Apposition [L. rw/, "near;" The positf placed "]. pla^ unevenness," [L. ante^ part in 556. ce"/enf,"going omitted, consonant. Paragraph noun. Greek-formed A word is it is turned next parts. aruilytical period an vowel a near Sentence) its constituent language. " a f ul [Gr. apo^ "from;" turning."]. A mark " the cing "back;" nna^ for the Appellative [L. appeiia, "call Another for the name to"]. Vocative of or use calling a orfoUowiny. Analysis dt-bt^ of sort a condition. because from its " (xrammatical the as in return of the , acolouthon^ trast, con- demanding as paiti strophe^ showing ; in Greek. letters first two Anacolouthon The way Greeks called from word of back Apostrophe on beta of The filment being poem nlphn^ [Gr. so its from by conse(iuence, rhyming verse syllables,said called so placing the name so sentence a ; anti, placing"]. " thesis^ [Gr. apodosis^ "a A Greek "]. for the "Consequent." condition was regarded by to Alexandrine. to the at Apodosis (78). of twelve tance, impor- rising i jiaying words suit mav one in [Gr. " against against word, word. a change inflections the let- or eiul of the Agreement. with of which in sinks The oppoMtum. "to;" Jix, ) expreHM Affix [L. "lixed"]. iv.r ^ffxtdto be- goes oppositeof sentence Antithesis posite"]. [U advernu^ "op- " Also close. epithet applied that (like ConjunctionH that The A instead An but that Pronoun. meaning a (45). Adversative m Noun Relative a cliimix. a A or "Verb"]. generally joined "word" " the Anti-climax. word. Adverb to for (b) (2). consequent used grainanother the from one's Granmiatical distinguish it from audience to apostrophe the cal Rhetori- EtyrrwlogicalGlossary of 134 Conjunction "to[L. con^ joiued ] junct-^ jrethcr; thai joins two A word sentences ttti/fther. The name given Consequent. *' ' ' other . part of that to the expresses fuliihnent /I "/f cer/en",and Consonant [L. that p) as Dentals the can (State). The Dependent an it bhuh in Correlatives. related that has arisen Indirect for the Latii]name used case jective Ob- declension of Subiective the of cases a Definite given to from the plied apthe fact that [L. Jinit-,"marked That Termination of " e.g. a make or wtii- Hence Hence noem "on;" A monument. poem. Noun of a a short saying.8 when that * See Par. The point will generally be at the " See How to on epigram." to added which to describe the by so 3 borders to [Gr. epithetos,"placed to'*]* An Adjective placed to out captivus," i.e. Epithet anything in Latin, -ivus from, marks a Sentence. "writing"]. a pointed rfc, "from;" ed"!. out," "bound- which boundaries Article. on short " fines de- "the" See iny the a syllables in order clear. meaning Epigram [Gr. epi, name *' the of the yi^amma, A (Article). the Adjective that "understood," or Noun. EJefinition arisen make garded re- of statement its Noun. the was one. "I [Gr. emphaino, of the clear '']. Stress laid on particular words voice the Hence erect." as to which form, " from cases in "aerial." e.g. [Gr. di, "twice:" Two "sound"]. Emphasis bending or Obliciue (see the below) Obliijue, be to implied) in The show to pronounced sounds (said of etc. (126). (jicing^ Declension. be sion Ellipsis [Gr. eUeiptiSj"omisomission of The words "]. The Verbs after is to vowels Verb.2 which "]. giving from the ai'e pronounced as (Object). The Noun is regarded as denotes what direct object of the action "then." "that [L.dntiv-,'^ ordinate Sub- to that Direct "/. "both," each vowel lated, re- "or;" "either," "and;" "when," ". that phthonyos, are tof/efherormutuallv one Diphthong L"""/ic. Words Subordinate. applied of two over separately; ject Sub- connects or pHHlicate generally Subjects or Objects of Verbs. Diaeresis [Gr. diairesis, "separation "]. The mark placed will he conUniung or is, was, or incomplete (72). Copula [L. i'ojmlfi,"bond"], llie word cause "is," so called beand for sentences that Future^ or But name (whother action ifiven .*ast,Present, to Dative with pronounced teeth ; c?,n, t. times (Sentence). Some- of the aid used Continuous 1 [L. dent-, "tooth"]. Consonants vowel. a has expressing the strps deyrees. in which a quality be expressed by an Adjective. can tot/ether toilh aoumled a forms or See "sounding"]. (such be only The Paragraph 1G7. er;" ''togethcon^ sonant-^ I^stters all Not "description." Degree (of comparison) [L. Fr. (i$\iduSy deyre^ "step"]. of the constqutnce condition. a of B. mere which sentence a from it distinguish N. things. to as " person the Noun. some thing or Participles,denotes has arisen from " thtU quality noted de- which capture,''^ 14. end. Tiitcntional Write Clearly.,Par. " bathos 42. -' sometimes Terms. Grammatical " true [Gr. etymon, loyioj ''science"] Etymology meaning;" of the science The of Flat of a A verse. members being verse run, might well or action, quently repeated " e. of g. in pat-t-e?*." Gender [L. "breed," to There sex. in Genders for to Adjective the (37). (72). State A name because its Noun leaves indejinite. or See also. Definite. Article; Indefinite lish Eng- forms action an (Article). "a," "an," flexions undefined, in- no are Incomplete an given Forms ing accord- c/assificatiou Verbs second or denoting the Verb Indefinite oenre^ "class"]. or denote to Fr. genus, first the com- (328). (State). The Incomplete J're- a expresses in im^ [L. The Person A (Verb). that Verb expression (Verbs). used not feet. Frequentative ond sec- language. a Impersonal called be of mode (Mood) Imperative y"cra-," command"]. (70). manding Mood posed sup- limbs its to the ity"]. [Gr. idioma, "peculiar- peculiarto g. a^ lish, Eng- accented. Idiom subdivision metrical The In syllables, two unaccented, first they 2 combined. of A (Consonants). Foot. be loot well. B. that other to [Gr. iambosl. a [Gr. eu, "well;" That which "sound"]. j^rtowe, sounds not the derivation. Euphony each ought their to according words, from Iambus meaning true 135 forms The (State). action denoting (Case) [L. genitiv-, fined deis not State the of which for The name ] generating (72). the Latin case aenoting generation, (Mood) Indicative [L. indica-j origination, possession. that Mood The the to out"]. lish Eng"point Sometimes applied points out or indicates an action, Inflection, i Possessive of Genitive Verb the an " * * . [L. Gerund Part on"]. gerundive a once in form Indirect of the on was or lish Eng- or (Object). thing [Gr. The " Fr. of science the science tetters;hence using of Verb. "]. grammaire words for a But more Infinitive rectly. cor- "not;" [L. Gutturals " "]. throat and Throat hard The meant example, * See * ' Par. the of by or any Number i^ " life," 43, " How What to the rlnss Write means a mistranslation case of life ? denoted that from of " Clearly. " Man's of infiecto, "I bending of a the simple form, by tion. varving the termina- See hind different a so [L. The bend"]. word tences Sen- of number a genitivu8 " i. e. the generic case, Latin person rectly di- not (70). " ^ as limited of Person Inflection (Sentence) Heterogeneous ge[Gr. ketero-, "different;" A Sentence kind "]. nos, of the see Paragraph 118 satisfactorytest. [L. in, (Mood) finit', "limited"]. not definition letters,k, //. combining Mood A guttur, Noun The action the by a gramma, future or enced onl}'indirectlyinflu- but Grammar letter; " denoting regarded Pronoun (551). " past, present, (70). a existence Verb There Verb. of the action etc., as carry- Latin carrying the denoting "I gero, of a below. OSlique, the Greek the genus life." genike, or class. which Vor 13G Etymological Glossary of Interjection " "1. between thrown thrown utterance words, Not vnter-ject-^ [L. to Intransitive [L. is not to acrmt ** Verb A Noun m, whose name to OI)ject. But [L. labium^ " Object. pass The The relation from another to of ; 9. of the irom ploughing " land " and of set one " " to Metre the measuring into out to The i. " and mod-, of that the of 6, m. [L. n, "In writingof words, spelling. N. B. "calligraphy," "pretty e. Parenthesis " [Gr. enthems, " aside ; the way, in Verb a are a vowel of "dumb"]. of without ifc, g^ ", rf, a an Partitive "nose"]. through sonants Con- Passive (Case) [L. and which to no- of Adjective. [L. ^aW-, The in of the ure nat- the ure nat- " the form of Subject sufferan action Verb a is 8 posed sup- (60). * English Lessons for English People, page 78. in accordance with definition, though Etymology, eally inapplicable, " This s This definition is unaatis"ctoxy. See Par. 60. a part "]. partition. fering"). (voice) [L.pass-, "suf- the m. Nominative Verb ticipating"] "par- form participating of DeDotme new-, sounded plete com- it. A Verb or by or Participle [L. partidp-, (70). : aside, sentence a expressing dumb para^ *,* insertion"]. phrase, word, inserted sentence, one "manner"]. [L. mut-, Letters nose: question, " A of action manner Nasal that without form /;, Adjective correct Not ly"]. "on- mono, of only word [L. n, An correct syllable. aid forms the ? order what of language [Gr. A Mutes regarded other rect;" Orthography [Gr. ortho^ ** corgrapho, "I write"]. verses. Monosyllable the Subjective was Subjective. (Adjective) [L. ordin-^ answers ure "meas- metron, The "]. The given Subjective. writing." [Gr. Mood see 14. name all the "order"]. 1 sea." a the But the Noun a Ordinal objects " Greeks of from a plough A U deviations fallings or oblique as relation ship " of of (13). the erect, and as ry car- caiTyinff of e. thing. any- group Par^raph but the form " phora, another;" or motion (Case). Cases to all [Latin, lingua^ Letters whose tongue "]. sounds are produced by the tongue ; sh^ s in pleasure. Liquids. Letters of a flowing, liquid sound, as ^, r. [Gr. meta^ "from Metaphor to in Obliaue the By Linguals tlie or Dehnition "the injj"]. nom, of name word, 2 Preposition Unif/ue. one Tlie The Verb pression ex- by meaning Fr. nomen, words, denoting that which regarded as the object or mark of aimed at by the action see 'Mip"] "J. tongue of old tion ac- : L(/"-letter8 ,/*,", /;, 6, m, hw. in wkich\tLnd to. (the real sound [L. lingua^ Fr. Language lanf/utf An the Subject, the Subject was or thing person a as [L. "]. " Trurufilive^below. Labials for because regarded passinf^ supposed anv used "J. name term named. truHsUiv-, across"]. Latin ottween (verb) "not;" An emotion. express of SiHicch. Part a in "to mina-, is often Giammati' Grammatical Letters Palatals. produced are whose given *' [L. perfect-^ (Tense) The complete ^J. the Tense Latin represent (owing Tenses) Indef. Complete Present. rounded sentence; end of a Person ** sounds in hence, ihrouyh a " '* ; The part (1) speaJcing; (2) spoken (3) spoken of (79). Personification. what is to; or not statement, a than more Tense. A Latin "more"]. one The that that or A an " for a it "before;" dition. Con- or A "]. noun no- word used Noun. Proper j3rq/?re, is that er"]. "mak- a is artistically the distinguished as which is ordinarily a [L. /"rq/??'i-, Fr. peculiar"]. A name to peculiar or proper (Noun) of word ny ma- lables. syl- many The simple called ; so a expresses comparatively, form not not positively (42). Hence, 1 English Compare but the our to common for (see verses ward fordoes Verse, straight on. rangement straightfonoartlarruns [Gr. Grammar for English People, page e'er,o'er, for ever, over. Lessons not Common of prose. Prosody "song"]. of * like turn because quality but of See [L.piosa, for prorsn, pro-nersa,'^ i. e. "turned that Writing "]. " [Gr. poly, individual, class. Prose spoken. Adjective " Apodosls. "for;" [L. pro, men, a than Tense Antecedent Pronoun plu-, of Past "the See below), Positive. is that " Polysyllable "J. fore "be- prce, [Gr. pro, the Past. more [Gr. poietes, Language that written another Literally, dosis, "giving"]. tence, giving before. Hence, in a sen- of way form denotes mode, from /a:-, ;" Pronoun or Prodosis (34-36). Poetry before [L. Noun a plete com- expressing the Complete Plural (Number) [L. Noun or object. Preterite (Tense) [L. prceteiit-, A pression pedantical ex"past"]. plete ''com- ptrfect-, A word A /)os/7-,"placed"]. bepla"Ttd fore (not a Verb) for (239). (Tense) [L. plu-, **more;" '']" A Jixed before tion, ques- command Pluperfect "J. Word ing"]. "say- a words of group expressing called its [Gr. phrasis, A So the letter,syllable, A Preposition sonal Per- Character.! Phrase " prce, word ;" a erb. pose, PurIndie, word. Endowing with impersonal a ment making a stateSubject (26*3). a [L fixed or whether in conversation, played about Prefix actor's an play"]. group " of the "]. state of words " sona, perwhich of meaning or possibility. claim," [L. prcedica-, "pro- Predicate ; Mood it involves oi power the name case simply AuxiliitryV an because full, through per, mask actor part else " " sound;" '*a an a of ; at the really eitner complex a mark or . sentence. [L. son-, of path (2) use denoting possession (37). Potential (Mood) [L. potent-, *' old An name powerful "]. for a supposed Mood, which is " round posses-, The Noun and (1) The od-, "path"]. the to or " [Gr. /"en\ to paucity Past of their Period has the to for Name that [L. (Use) "possessed"]. chj. Perfect 137 Possessive sounds palate: the by Terms. prosodia, Hence, which 181. that treats a part of 138 Etymological Glossary of whether verse, Root. be to not. or sung intended Punctuation [L. "point"]. by means sentinj^the punctum, Dividing a repre- pauses. Quantity. The to necessary quantity of Redundant [L.re(d), umlaut-^ "flowing"]. back from springs, ;" col*m, tiie colon, i. off Floio- limb separate or sentence. a '' "]. [L. Appealing Milton senses. tree a [L. semi, "half;" limb "]. Half of of the e. stop that a of sense as *" Gr. " which its root* Sensuous ** " word springs member lable. syl- a pronounce another marks time from form Semicolon tence sen- of points That sensu^ the to that savs Po- " in*j back tluous. often or words rtUumlant they ; although pur|M"se, serve is Sentence "bend it A action Subject, the and Object denote or thing. person Relative (Pronoun) "back;" Sharp Retained given re, A Transitive as the Verb Object in the The Letters Stanza retained Verb the syllablesat ifnes.-^ The A on end of based [Gr. rhythmic, motion of and verse " See Syllables altogether See Engfish Lessons The Hnw to derivation Tdl the ing flow- of Parts " it is in a "stop"]. containing in measure nishing generally furstopping-place at its and (Verbs). their Past Verbs that Tenses and for writing"]. A manner in of Speech, p. 08. do not rhyme. identical for the mutes." a thought * 3 of of is not Passive Participles, not by adding -ed, -t, but by vowel changes. instrument Style [L. stilus,"an periodic prose. * of poem of variation make "],the Jlowinff. regular motion breath stanza, [^It. division Strong two etry Po- '' of expression. pronunciation the sounds a alliteration. Rhythm ; So- termination. rhyme on of men [L."pira-,"breathe"]. in the every the poem, two Anglo-Saxon not was but between end) soloikismos Inaccuracy pronunciation a "sea."8 the like wholly stopped,as of (123). the to *] Spirants name same "and [dr. . Rhyme [A.S. rim, "number"], identity of sound (from the vowel " whose Objects of the Passive "ship "speaking loi one carry when s, z, sh. : sentence Solecism Antecedent.! of the t, so p^ sound. " same [L. one : k, sharp expressing similarityof relations; e.g. " and between plough "land," (Object). to statement, (239). the Subject tat-,"carried"]. the A plete com- sibila-, "hiss"]. letters Simile. given to who, which, etc., when the}' do not one carry forward used (as they do when to their [L. Hissing name back from Sibilant the the but Interrogatively), express command a of group far so a (consonants) called in on A meaning a to question, Subject back that so verb of the bent were of as [L. reJlecU, back"]. the words some ous, sensu- Sententia, [L. "meaning"]. the (Verb) which as word purpose to detect. be easy not Reflexive is suner- e. This lazily used to appear to of a difficulty. But few speaking, strictly are, get rid mav t. over. B. N. be " simple, etry should and passionate." English usually given, but People^ page 126. probably iaaccuiate. of pressing ex- language. Grammatical Subject [L. mbjecU, which "]. That under under material or Hence the said be to Par. see about that 1, '* ^txw, the aH Verb the "]. subjoined a purpose, subjointd etc., statement, mb- Mood cal period Par. Tense some gubf ** A beneath Par. another (Noun) given name saiatantial beneath Same "]. Superlative as Uti-, Adjectival fonn the expression of Supplement Verb lab-, form Syncope "up:" is what wn, A wanting middle; " gether" alto- cnUhiif or of Perhaps is garded re- y. to or use when the culled to "]. voice or fwrson of a or thing The letters are sounded a, or their Noun Past is "having that hnre (not but) t, line which "call"]. vocn-, (Verbs). I'assive d of line. new "consonants," form in end case : The A "]. turn (:J2). [L. rncnliK, themselves for " a "]. sentence. a [L. Weak i, o, as by u. Verbs that Tenses and Participles by athling not by changed /, and Vowel. never. 1 because verb word " the at iHrns the a letters nttr in rert-, poetry voice to as so atpe, considerable A e. [L. Vowels of grou]) icord The a omitting by word, that the Vocative "together;" together I the [L. verb-, one whicli/'^ [(Jr. .""//w, or "(juile;" curtailment the mb, That "cutting"]. "across;" called so of to chief sound. one action of "take"]. takt'n object, an Verse other (148). [Gr. letters Verb an (71). Verb denoting quality m above [L. pie-, "fill"]. supplies up, or a [L.super^ a carried degree degrees (42). a in [L.tram, A "going"]. a '"carried"]. An Syllable ;"^a"-, Affix. (degree) above:" ** '' of of [Missing or yoiny Object (55). Trochee [(ir. trochos, "a running In foot of "]. English a two syllables consisting of an ibl lowed accented, by an accented, unSo called syllable. from its brisk, or runniny, nature. existence. suh^ FL. tempit, as have to See forms time across less use- Nouns to said things denoting fixed [L. "]. A Vr. The the the "substance "/an/"r/, ** has sub- opposite tfijnthtti- language. indicating It-, sentence. as so a Transitive that sentence 249. Substantive Suffix ; in "]. time action ordin-^ " beneath "rank"]. See [L. (sentence) Hence, [L. tempus, " (16;i). parts The 551. Verb Subordinate ranks a tion, condi- answer or in "to- syn, whole. analysuf. to question, [Gr. of A ar- toyetktr words ether;" form [L. of The "] "arranging thtsijt, "placing"]. f*laciny toyether to But (Mood) "together;" syn, Synthesis note. expressing [Gr sentence. a is which 139 ranyemeiit speech. statement. a Subjunctive junct-y Syntax topic for subject of a makes Verb "placed is placed thoughts, one's Terms. " a cutting in the middle so as to pull the extremes together.'''* Ruks 140 RULES pupil 1. A Nitun 2. A Prmumn 3. An 4. A 5. An is a Definitions following ten of any kind uned for name is it, woni a is V " " word a is known are to the " that e(|iiivalentto how " word a a be can that or Noun that an is collection a of placed Noun Preposition and Adjective or Adverb either (pages 38, 43 before a 57 l). expressing " i). Noun Pronoun or to ? " " ? true be can the Stnttnct the to is this Noun a (page 19 i). (page 24 *). how ({uestion amount statement a answers far before put or make can i). (page 81). 7 (page its number that is PreposUUm 7.*'* A that word a V where so word |M)intout to or Adverb A are the is a Ai/Jective I'ronoun, a that Verb when 6. DEFINITIONS. " distinguish "' Definitions. AND It i8 assumed : and or together (page words statement, a (page 30 i). question, or command collection of words, 8 2 Any other having a meaning, is called a PhroHt Cltivse. 30 See 1), or Glossary. (page that joins two {). A sentences Conjunction is a word together (page M- 64 RtUitire A 10. refer to Pronoun is Noun preceding a a Pronoun Conjunctive called Pronoun or used so tlie AnttctdtrU to as (page !)" 98 Subject of The 1. answering to the a Verb making question is the statement a "who?" "what?" or word or before the words Verb (Par. 1). Object of Tlie 2. to the a Verb Preposition or "whom?" question is the "what or V" word or after words the Verb swering anor Preposition (14^). When 3. the Sentence, new Relative leave The Antecedent 5. The Relative 6. Some 4. out is followed this sometimes must Conjunction introducing parsing the Relative (24). be supplied from the sentence by sentence a a in (25). omitted is sometimes Pronouns are (26). Jnterroyatively^ Conjunctively, and used (28). llehitirehj The 7. Uses Possessive, and Cases or Vocative of a Noun four, are viz. Subject, Object,^ (32). Tell the Parts to of Hnw of Speech on which severally be found. 2 A Sentence to state, command, preceded ceases or by a Conjunction 71/^*When becomra I saw John.''^ Such a a tion; it therefore Phrase, e. g. he called Clause. See Par. 239. Phrase a conveniently may 3 These and the to the are to following References Paragraphs in How 1 the The fif^uresdenote first ten Definitions the pnges will " Parse. * Noun. Tf the Indirect Object is called a separate use, there will be five Uses of a Rules 142 be the them tween SvbJertSyand Definitions. "that mean," (137). latter the Pronouns and Nouns 3ii. to "I words, Appotition to in and Verbs (1) Intransitive and the Transitive (2) etc., i)oint," "deem," "looks," "is," Verbs being "esteem,", to Ap|M)sition in The 34. say," etc., is said in Apposition Subjectivelywhen to Objects (138). used are Objectivelywhen is to ''seems," pears," "ap"create," **ap- "make," used to identity, and, express as apposition witfi another, be called \Wb8 of Identity or Ap/tositiotuilV^etbs (147). may of Identity, when Intransitive 35. jective Verbs and Passive, take a Subtake when Transitive, an Supplement ; Objective Supplement (150). It " 36. the place to were, It for in sometimes are irregularlyused Object (151). way 37. In a Conditional Sentence, (1) the Clause is called the Antecedent; (2) the Clause of Subject Pronoun or " "there and " Noun one the fulfilment the ?uence 167). be altered prepare the expressing tion condi- expressingthe is called the con se- Cvnsequent other junction Conor any following "if" used Indicativcly, whenever they the Indicnticea of other Verbs {ISl). for the cause language is irregular, there is some info Whenever 39. condition the (when Condition) expressing can of Verbs Auxiliary 38. to or not are irregularity (102). The 40. irregularity are, I. constructions; III. Dtsire Confusion of two of souwl or of construction brevity; II. harshness Desire of principalcauses three of avoid to (11)8). that has only one is a Sentence Simple Sentence Subject and Verb Stating, Questioning, or Commanding (245). only one When 42. several Sentences connected are Simple by "and," A 41. "but," "then," "so," independent, oidiiuUe that 50. When Final A The it were, as is called Co- a made Co-ordinate of up with -e is a is not Sentence (248). Sentence Principal a are the whole (249). formed Sentence tions Conjunc- by Sub-ordinnte^ Sentences Subordinate before dropped bef")re that called by Ccmjunctions introduced by a connected are Sentence by the bination com- (250). from form to another, a letter is often one passes the orifjinnlsound in order to preserve (266). an monosyllable an beginning ending in -//,when cr)nsonant, or consonant a u"ed as with a vowel, (270). ginning affix beby an affix, generally followed itself when beginning atfix with affix an -I (275). one If the wark it Sentence word a doubled or vowel, then, ' is, sentence rest, each the Sentence a Principtd ("o-ordinate not wiih drops the connected are retained 49. each as sentences the is Complex Sentence of the Princi|)aland A changed 48. of is called Sentences 47. is Sentence number a Conjunction 46. rank (246). Co-ordinate, not are 45. that so same (247). When 44. etc., the Compound A Sentences but of Sentence^ 43. that and can termination receiving (m of cannot thus a Subordinate of a an allix is word as consonant beginning i" that Sentence f^nerally stand stand by itself. a a Seutence with wlien a preceded vowel, the preceded A by itself. by its bv a final junction Con- Co-ordinate Rules in the consouant or is word accented and doubled, the on When any by 1 the a a word is For words, end of the separated the Phrase idioms, etc., the pupil intervening Phrase, ^ comma (224). the providedthat word Preas a syllable, mono- (277 ). its grammatical from adjunct by should be preceded and followed is referred to the Alphabetieal book. UniTersity is last svllable ' 51. 143 Definitions, : John WilsoQ it, Son, Cambridge. Index at