Download Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan.pptx

1/27/15 Democracy’s Bodyguard CONTAINMENT:
The U.S. plan to
actively stop the
spread of
communism
And Best Cheerleader… Why Containment? There were many reasons. These reasons can be
summed up as: A fear of Communism spreading in the
world.
The Long Telegram Kennan felt FDR’s friendly relationship with Stalin was misguided.
Soon after FDR died, he sent this “Long Telegram” to President
Truman’s Administration.
It scared the pants off many in the Security Department. It said
things such as:
The question is, was the fear justified?
- 
1.  Communism was gaining more and more popularity in
certain regions of the world. Rebel groups were fighting
for communism in Iran, Turkey, and Greece.
The Soviet Union could not permanently exist peacefully with
Western countries.
- 
Soviets have an “instinctive Russian sense of insecurity.”
- 
“deeply suspicious of all other nations”
2.  Stalin made threatening remarks toward the governments
of those countries.
- 
“patient but deadly struggle for total destruction of rival power”
- 
They want to expand their sphere of influence.
3.  Kennan (an Ambassador to the Soviet Union) sent a long
telegram with grave concerns regarding the Soviet Union.
- 
They are “impervious [not responsive] to logic and reason”
- 
The only respond to strong force and power.
1 1/27/15 Examples of Containment # 1. The Truman Doctrine: The U.S. promised to join or support any fight against Communism – Great Britain announced it could no longer protect western interest (fights against communism) in the Mediterranean – Soviets demanded control of the Dardanelles from Turkey – The U.S. approved $400 million in aid and military support to Turkey and Greece (to help fight against the spread, or the official rule, of communism in those places. $ $
$
“Oh, yes. I believe helping Turkey and Greece would be a great idea. But, how do I get Congress on board to give me the money? …..” 2 1/27/15 The Truman Doctrine “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resis\ng a]empted subjuga\on by armed minori\es or by outside pressures.” The Soviet Union?!
THE MARSHALL PLAN “…Against hunger, poverty, desperaHon, and chaos…” Or Communism?
2. The Marshall Plan •  Western Europe becomes vulnerable to Soviet influence by 1947. People were super poor aaer World War II and they needed basic necessi\es. Many people started to think communism could be a solu\on to their problems. •  This frightened Great Britain and the United States. They did not want communism to spread to any government. The United States knew it had to do something. •  Marshall (sec. of state) drew up a plan to give financial aid and provide basic supplies to help rebuild the countries. 3. NATO •  North Atlan\c Treaty Organiza\on •  An alliance of democra\c na\ons that agreed to assist each other if a]acked by a communist na\on •  “An armed a]ack against one or more shall be considered an a]ack on all.” –President Truman •  Formed SEATO (Southeast Asian Treaty Organiza\on) as a counter part in the Pacific •  Soviets form their own alliance called the Warsaw Pact in 1955 (basically, the Warsaw Pact Na\ons were the Soviet Union and all the countries the Soviet Union controlled…) 3 1/27/15 QuesHons to Answer 1.  What is the defini\on of containment? QuesHons to Answer 2. List and define three methods of containment. Make sure to explain how each method fought against communism. QuesHons to Answer 3. For each method of containment, write how you think the Soviet Union would have reacted once they heard about the method of containment. 4