Download Bearing (Flowering) Habit of Fruit Trees - Agri-team

Bearing (Flowering) Habits of Fruit Trees
Fruit tree types according to flower types (Tree sexuality)
Staminate: Tree with staminate flowers only.
Pistillate: Tree with pistillate flowers only.
Hermaphroditic (Synoecious): Tree with all flowers perfect.
Monoecious: staminate and pistillate flowers on same tree.
Dioecious: staminate and pistillate flowers on separate trees.
Polygamous: Tree with perfect and imperfect flowers.
Andromonoecious: Tree with staminate and perfect flowers.
Gynomonoecious: Tree with pistillate and perfect flowers.
Bud position
Axillary bud: born laterally at axils of the leaves
Apical bud: born terminally on tips of the shoots
Bud Types:
Simple: Which developed to vegetative organs (shoot and leaves) or reproductive organs
(flower or inflorescences)
Mixed: Which developed to vegetative and reproductive organs
Compound: there are primary, secondary and tertiary buds in the same eye. The primary
developed to vegetative and reproductive organs
Shoot types
One year old shoot (1-year old shoot): shoot grew the previous season
Current growth: shoot grow this season
Fruit spurs: very short stem upon which flowers and fruit develop
Pome Fruits: Apple, Pear, Quince, Loquat
Apple: Malus domestica
Pear: European pear: Pyrus communis L.
Asian pear: Pyrus pyrifolia Bum.
Quince : Cydonia oblonga Mill.
Loquat : Eriobotrya japonica L
Family: Rosaceae
Tree sexuality: Synoecious
Flower bud: mixed
Fruit: pome
Flower buds:
Apple and Pear: it developed terminally on 1- year old shoot and spurs and rarely
laterally on 1- year old shoot. The bud developed to inflorescence
Quince: it developed laterally and terminally on 1-year-old shoot. Flowers are solitary
(each bud produce 1 flower).
Loquat: it developed terminally on 1-year-old shoot. The bud developed to
inflorescence
Stone Fruits: Almond, Apricot, Cherry ,Plum, and Peach and Nectarine.
Peach and Nectarine: Prunus persica L (nectarina)
Almond: Amygdalus communis
Plum:
European plum, Prunus domestica L.
Japanese plum, Prunus salicina L.
Apricote: Prunus armeniaca L.
Cherry :
Sweet cherry Prunus avium L.
Sour cherry Prunus cerasus L.
Family: Rosaceae
Tree sexuality: Synoecious
Flower bud: Simple
Fruit: drupe
Flower bud:
Almond, Apricot, Cherries and Plum: it develops laterally on 1- year old shoot
and spurs
Peach and Nectarine: it develops laterally on one year old shoot
Nut trees
Walnut
Persian walnut: Juglans regia L., the major species
Black walnut or American walnut: Juglans nigra L.
Family: Juglandaceae
Tree sexuality: Monoecious.
Flower bud
Male: It is simple and developed laterally on 1-year old shoot, the bud developed to
inflorescences.
Female: It is mixed and developed terminally and/or laterally on one year old shoot,
the bud developed to shoot at the end developed inflorescence.
Fruit: nut
Pistachio: Pistacia vera L.
Family :Anacardiaceae
Tree sexuality: dioecious.
Flower bud: Male and Female buds are simple and developed laterally on one year old
shoot, the bud developed to inflorescences.
Fruit: nut
Other Fruit Trees
Olive: Olea europea
Family: Oleaceae
Tree sexuality: polygamous (andromonoecious)
Flower bud is simple developed laterally on one year old shoot to inflorescence.
Fruit: drupe
Grape:
European or Asian grape Vitis vinifera L.
American grape Vitis labrusca L.
Family: Vitaceae
Tree sexuality: Vinifera - polygamous
Flower bud is compound and developed laterally on 1-year old shoot (cane), the primary
bud developed to shoot with leaves, tendrils and inflorescences
Fruit: Berry
Common Fig: Ficus carica L.
Family: Moraceae
Tree sexuality: Pistillate
Flower bud:
First crop: Flower bud is simple and developed laterally on 1-year old shoot.
Second crop: Flower bud is simple and developed laterally on current growth.
Fruit: Multiple (syconium), it developed from the entire inflorescence, including flowers
and peduncle, the flowers inside the peduncle.
Mulberry: Morus spp .L.
Family :Moraceae
Tree sexuality: Monoecious or dioecious.
Flower bud:
Male - It is simple and developed laterally on 1- year old shoot, the bud developed to
catkin inflorescences.
Female: It is mixed and developed laterally on 1- year old shoot, the bud developed to
shoot, at the axils of the leaves developed catkin inflorescences
Fruit: Multiple (syncarp), it developed from the entire inflorescence, including flowers and
peduncle, the flowers outside the peduncle.
Pomegranate: Punica granatum L
Family: Punicaceae
Tree sexuality: hermaphrodite
Flower bud is simple and developed laterally and terminally on 1-year old shoot the bud
developed to single flower
Fruit: Berry
Suggested questions
1. Which of the following fruit trees belongs to Moraceae family
a. Fig
c.
Olive
b. Apple
d.
Apricot
2. Which of the following fruit trees bear flower bud terminally on one year old shoot
a. Grape
c.
Quince
b. Apricot
d.
Pistachio
3. Which of the following fruit trees has mixed flower bud
a. Pear
c.
Walnut
b. Loquat
d.
All of the above
4. Amygdalus communis refer to the following fruit tree
a. Plum
c.
Apricot
b. Almond
d.
Cherry
5. ----------------------- has perfect and staminate flowers on the same tree
a. Hermaphroditic
c.
Andromonoecious
b. Monoecious
d.
Gynomonoecious
6. ------------------------- has staminate and pistillate flowers on separate trees
a. Hermaphroditic
c.
Andromonoecious
b. Monoecious
d.
Dioecious
7. Which of the following is hermaphrodite species
a. Date palm
c.
Olive
b. Apple
d.
Fig
8. Which of the followings is Dioecious species
a. Walnut
c.
Loquat
b. Olive
d.
Date palm
9. Which of the following trees do not produce fruit on spur shoots
a. Apricot and almond
c.
Plum and cherry
b. Apple and pear
d.
Olive and fig
10.Which of the following is NOT a family of important fruit tree species
a. Rosaceae
c.
Solanaceae
b. Moraceae
d.
Anacardiaceae
11.Pome fruits do NOT include
a. Pear
c.
Quinces
b. Apricot
d.
Apple
12.Which of the following best describes the contents of a mixed bud
a. Male and female flowers
c.
Nodes and tendrils
b. Vegetative and reproductive
d.
Multiple buds
13.A spur shoot differs from a long shoot because
a. Spur shoots bear buds in leaf axils; long c.
Spur shoots have just one internode;
shoots do not.
long shoots have many
b. Spur shoots have shorter internodes than d.
a+b
long shoots
14.Nut fruits do NOT include
a. Walnuts
c.
Pistachio
b. Olive
d.
Non of the above
15.Which of the following fruit trees has compound flower bud
a. Pear
c.
Walnut
b. Loquat
d.
Grape
16.Juglandaceae family include
a. Pistachio
c.
Walnut
b. Mulberry
d.
Pomegranate
17.mixed flower buds are present in
a. Almond
c.
Apple
b. Peach
d.
Olive
18.The scientific name of walnut tree is
a. Vitis vinifera
c.
Olea europea
b. Juglans regia
d.
Prunus armeniaca
19.The flower buds are simple and develop laterally on 1- year old shoot and spurs, this
sentence describe the bearing habits of ----------------------------a. Apricot
c.
Almond
b. Cherry
d.
All of the above
20.The female flower buds are mixed and develop terminally and/or laterally on one year old
shoot, and the bud developed to shoot at the end developed inflorescence. This sentence
describe the bearing habits of -------------------------a. Walnut
c.
Mulberry
b. Pomegranate
d.
Pistachio
21.In apple, the flower bud developed to shoot with ----------------------a. Leaves and inflorescence
c.
Tendrils and inflorescences
b. Leaves and tendrils
d.
Leaves, tendrils and inflorescences
22.Syncarp refer to fruit of
a. Mulberry
c.
Figs
b. Pomegranate
d.
Grape
23.The fruit of fig is
a. Berry
c.
Multiple
b. Aggregate
d.
Hesperidium
24.In grape, the flower bud developed to shoot with ----------------------a. Leaves and inflorescences
c.
Tendrils and inflorescences
b. Leaves and tendrils
d.
Leaves, tendrils and inflorescences