Download Systems in Plants

Plant Systems
Root and Shoot Systems
Recall…
Organism
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Multi-celled
organism
Single-celled
organism
Animal
Plant
Therefore....
• Plants are multi-cellular organisms
• Examples: mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering plants
Distinguishing Features of a Plant
• Typically green in colour
– Why?
– Chlorophyll – green pigmented molecules
found in chloroplasts
• Function: absorbs light and aids in
photosynthesis by converting it into energy
• Immobile
– often anchored by the root system
Plants and Food
- Since plants cannot move like animals do to
obtain food, they must make their own food
through a process called Photosynthesis.
glucose
Similarities
Between Plants and Animals
1. need to exchange gases with their surroundings
2. require an internal transportation system to move water
and nutrients around
3. must be able to reproduce
Root and Shoot System
Since plants are immobile, they do not require complex organ
systems. Instead, plant “organs” are referred to as plant parts.
The two main body systems (parts) :
The shoot system is made up of the
stem, leaves, flowers, etc.
The root system is made up of one or
more separate roots
Root System
- the part of the plant that anchors the plant
and often grows below ground
- It absorbs water and minerals as well as stores
nutrient.
- Contain root hairs – which are tiny extensions
of the tissue that help with absorption
Where are the roots located?
• Roots are not always located below ground or
in soil...
WHY???
The Banyan tree has
aerial roots that grow
downward
Mangroves have root
systems that grow out
of the water and soil.
Shoot System
- The system in a flowering plant that is
specialized to conduct photosynthesis and
reproduce sexually
- It consists of:
-
Leaf
Flower
Stem
(fruit)
The Shoot System – The Leaf
• Main photosynthetic structure
– Contains chloroplasts
– Leaves are structured to maximize
light intake and CO2 intake and to
minimize water loss
– There are tiny openings on leaves
called stomata that allow materials to
pass in and out
– Stomata are controlled by guard cells
• Other functions:
– support, protection, reproduction
and attraction
The Shoot System – The Flower
• Specialized structures for
sexual reproduction
• The male reproductive
structures produce pollen
grains
• the female structures
produce eggs
• After fertilization, the
female parts form seeds, What are ways of pollination?
which are often protected
PLEASE NOTE
by fruits.
•
Mosses, ferns and conifers DO NOT
FLOWER – they reproduce by
different methods
The Shoot System – The Stem
• Functions:
– Supports branches,
leaves and flowers
– Provides a way to
transport materials
Homework Questions
1. What are the two main differences between plants
and animals?
2. How do these differences effect the body parts that
animals and plants have?
3. Compare the functions of the leaf and the stem in
plants.
4. What do chloroplasts do?
5. Why are leaves wide and green?
6. What is the function of the root system?
7. What is the function of the shoot system?
8. What does a stomata do?
9. Research three ways that plants use to have their
pollen fertilize the female plant’s eggs.
10. Research: What strategies do plants use to spread
their fertilized seeds? How do animals help them do
this?