Download Structure of Flowering Plants

Structure of Flowering Plants
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Structure & function of root and shoot systems
Root zonations and all outer stem parts
Meristem function / location in root & shoot
Location of 3 tissue types in transverse and long sections of root and stem
Xylem & Phloem structure and function
Distinguish between Moncots and Dicots
Mandatory Activity….TS Dicot stemWhat Flowering
Plant typically have
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Transport (Vascular) Structures
Roots
Stems
Leafs
Flowers
Fruits & Seeds
Plants are divided into two portions
Over ground shoot system
Under ground root system
Meristem: An area of
active cell division
Root Functions
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Anchor
Absorb Water
Absorb minerals
Transport absorbed materials to shoot
Store food
Two Root Types
1. Tap Roots
One main root growingfrom the radicle
eg Carrot
2. Fibrous Roots
Many equal sized roots arising from stem base
eg grass
Four Root Zones
Differentiation Zone
Here cells develop into 3 different types
of tissue
1. Dermal tissue
2. Ground Tissue
3. Vascular tissue
Elongation Zone
Here cells increase in size
Meristematic Zone
Here new cells are produced by mitosis divisions
Potection Zone
A root cap protects the cells as the root pushes through the soil
Tissue location in the root (transverse section)
Stem Functions
1. Support the arial parts of the plant
2. Transport water and minerals from roots to leafs
3. Transport food from leafs to roots
Tissue location in the root (Longitudinal section)
Sometimes store food
Tissue
Tissue location in the Stem
Leaf parts
Leaf Functions
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Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Gas exchange
Sometimes store food
Flower Function
Sexual Reproduction
Why plants need a transport system
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Plants are Autotrophic they make their own food by photosynthesis
Plants store this food and use it for energy in respiration
Other processes of metabolism in plants include cell division, enzyme action and
hormone action
For all these processes to occur plants need to get and transport water, carbon
dioxide, oxygen and certain minerals
Transport tissue is known as vascular tissue.
Plant Vascular Tissue
1. Xylem
• Transport water
• Transport minerals
2. Phloem
• Transport food
Transverse section of root to show movement of water
The xylem form a hollow pipeline throughout the plant going from the roots up the stem into
the petiole and from here to the leaves
Xylem Structure
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Two types of
Cell
Xylem Tracheid Structure
 Long cells tapered at both ends
 Pits in the walls – allow water and minerals to move sideways from cell to
cell
 Walls thickened with lignin for support
Xylem Vessels Structure
 Elongated cells
 Spiral lignin for strength
 No end walls – form a continuous tube
 Pits to allow sideways movement of water
 Example of Monocot and Dicot
MonocotGrassDicotButtercup
Flowering plants can be classified as monocotyledons or dicotyledon
Identification of Monocots & Dicots
Differences between Monocots & Dicots