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Structure of Flowering Plants 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Structure & function of root and shoot systems Root zonations and all outer stem parts Meristem function / location in root & shoot Location of 3 tissue types in transverse and long sections of root and stem Xylem & Phloem structure and function Distinguish between Moncots and Dicots Mandatory Activity….TS Dicot stemWhat Flowering Plant typically have 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Transport (Vascular) Structures Roots Stems Leafs Flowers Fruits & Seeds Plants are divided into two portions Over ground shoot system Under ground root system Meristem: An area of active cell division Root Functions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Anchor Absorb Water Absorb minerals Transport absorbed materials to shoot Store food Two Root Types 1. Tap Roots One main root growingfrom the radicle eg Carrot 2. Fibrous Roots Many equal sized roots arising from stem base eg grass Four Root Zones Differentiation Zone Here cells develop into 3 different types of tissue 1. Dermal tissue 2. Ground Tissue 3. Vascular tissue Elongation Zone Here cells increase in size Meristematic Zone Here new cells are produced by mitosis divisions Potection Zone A root cap protects the cells as the root pushes through the soil Tissue location in the root (transverse section) Stem Functions 1. Support the arial parts of the plant 2. Transport water and minerals from roots to leafs 3. Transport food from leafs to roots Tissue location in the root (Longitudinal section) Sometimes store food Tissue Tissue location in the Stem Leaf parts Leaf Functions 1. 2. 3. 4. Photosynthesis Transpiration Gas exchange Sometimes store food Flower Function Sexual Reproduction Why plants need a transport system • • • • • Plants are Autotrophic they make their own food by photosynthesis Plants store this food and use it for energy in respiration Other processes of metabolism in plants include cell division, enzyme action and hormone action For all these processes to occur plants need to get and transport water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and certain minerals Transport tissue is known as vascular tissue. Plant Vascular Tissue 1. Xylem • Transport water • Transport minerals 2. Phloem • Transport food Transverse section of root to show movement of water The xylem form a hollow pipeline throughout the plant going from the roots up the stem into the petiole and from here to the leaves Xylem Structure • Two types of Cell Xylem Tracheid Structure Long cells tapered at both ends Pits in the walls – allow water and minerals to move sideways from cell to cell Walls thickened with lignin for support Xylem Vessels Structure Elongated cells Spiral lignin for strength No end walls – form a continuous tube Pits to allow sideways movement of water Example of Monocot and Dicot MonocotGrassDicotButtercup Flowering plants can be classified as monocotyledons or dicotyledon Identification of Monocots & Dicots Differences between Monocots & Dicots