Download Tilia platyphyllos

Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group
Tree factsheet
images at pages 3, 4, 5
Tilia platyphyllos Scop.
taxonomy
author, year
synonym
Family
Eng. Name
Dutch name
subspecies
varieties
hybrids
cultivars, frequently used
(7e rassenlijst Bomen)
‘Delft’
‘Naarden’
‘Örebro’
‘Rubra’
references
morphology
crown habit
max. height (m)
max. dbh (cm)
actual size Europe
actual size Netherlands
leaf length (cm)
leaf petiole (cm)
leaf colour upper surface
leaf colour under surface
leaves arrangement
flowering
flowering plant
flower
flower diameter (cm)
flower male catkins length (cm)
pollination
fruit; length
fruit petiole (cm)
seed; length
seed-wing length (cm)
weight 1000 seeds (g)
seeds ripen
seed dispersal
Scopoli, 1771
Tiliaceae
Large-leaved lime, Broad-leaved lime, Bigleaf linden (USA)
Zomerlinde, Grootbladige linde
Tilia x vulgaris Hayne (syn. T. x europaea) (T. cordata x T. platyphyllos)
avenues, parks
avenues, parks
streets, avenues, parks
avenues, parks
Weeda, 2003, Nederlandse Oecologische Flora vol.2.
Maes, N. 1989. De Linde in Nederland. Stichting Kritisch Bosbeheer.
Maes, N. 2006. Inheemse bomen en struiken in Nederland en Vlaanderen.
Hiemstra, J.A. 2002. Rassenlijst Bomen.
Plants for a Future Database; www.pfaf.org/index.html
tree, pyramidal to round
35 (>40)
>200
year …, d(…) 236, h 14, Pitchford Hall, Shropshire, England
year …, d(…) 136, h 41,5, Grove House, Fethard, Co. Tipperary, Ireland
year 1600-1700, d(130) 213, h 22
year 1860-1880, d(130) 107, h 35
6-12
2,5-6
green
green
alternate
June-July
monoecious
hermaphrodite
approx 1
insects: bees and moths
nut containing 2-4 seeds; 0,6 cm
1-3
seed; approx 0,5 cm
5
30-40
October
wind, water (mice?)
habitat
natural distribution
in N.W. Europe since
natural areas The Netherlands
geological landscape types The Netherlands
(Hoek 1997)
forested areas The Netherlands
area Netherlands
% of forest trees in the Netherlands
soil type
pH-KCl
soil fertility
light
shade tolerance
(0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance)
drought tolerance
(0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance)
waterlogging tolerance
(0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance)
plant communities in the Netherlands
management
status Europe
status The Netherlands
application
propagation
regeneration
optimal gap size for regeneration
first plantation Netherlands
resprouting after cutting
3
-1 -1
growth rate (M.A.I. in m ha j )
diseases
insects
wood
wood
wood structures key characteristics of pores
vol. mass heartwood (kg/m3)
2
elastic modulus (N/mm )
durability heartwood
heartwood color
sapwood color
contents
products
non-timber products
flowers
leaves
inner bark
Europe
Tilia spp.: 6500 B.C.
forests
loss-covered terraces, ice pushed ridges, coversand area
loamy, clay and sandy soils.
<1400 (2002, Probos)
0,6 (2002, Probos)
slightly acid to neutral to alkaline
nutrient medium to rich
highly shade tolerant
4.0
2.5
1.0
Querco-Fagetea: Klasse der Eiken-beukenbossen op voedselarme grond
infrequent indigenous species in forests
rare indigenous species in forests and urban environment
timber tree, street tree
seed; named cultivars by cuttings, grafting or layering (old)
planting; natural regeneration from seed
1-2x tree length ?
good
moderate:…
Nectria cinnabarina – fungus – a weak parasite - Meniezwammetje
Verticillium dahliae – Verticillium wilt – fungus on leaves - verwelkingsziekte
Eucallipterus tiliae, aphid on leaves – lindebladluis
Caliroa annulipes, wasp on leaves - lindebladwesp
Eotetranychus tiliarum, mite on leaves – lindespintmijt
Phalera bucephala, Buff tip - caterpillar on leaves - Wapendrager
European linden, lime (Dutch: Europees linden) (basswood = American linden)
diffuse porous to semi-ring porous; radially oriented pore groups;
triseriate and tetraseriate rays.
(520-) 540 (-560) (12% moisture content)
12.000
fungus 5
white to yellowish brown
white to yellowish brown
kitchen-tools, toys, cutlery, turnery, musical instruments
lime flower tea
young raw edible
fibres
Ülo Niinemets and Fernando Valladares. 2006. Tolerance to shade, drought, and waterlogging of temperate Northern Hemisphere
trees and shrubs. Ecological Monographs 76:521–547
Tilia platyphyllos leaves
inflorescence
photos 4x © Leo Goudzwaard
twig in winter
sapling
bark of a mature tree
mature ornamental tree, Zwolle
photos 3x © Leo Goudzwaard
stem of an ornamental Large-leaved linden, Oosterbeek
Large-leaved lime, fruits and a 2 Euro coin
photo © Hans-Cees Speel
fruit
endocarp
seed
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