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Periodic Table of Elements Periodic Table What are atoms?? Atoms make up the elements that are on the periodic table The three main particles that make up an atom are the protons, neutrons, and electrons What’s in an atom?? The protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom which is called the nucleus The electrons are found outside of the nucleus Protons have a positive charge Neutrons have a neutral charge Electrons have a negative charge Elements A pure substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance is called an element. Examples of elements? Those elements are arranged according to their properties in a chart called the periodic table. Atomic Number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines an element’s atomic number. The atomic number also determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table. Example: Hydrogen (H) has an atomic number of 1 and it is at the top of the periodic table. Atomic Mass • On the periodic table, the average mass of the atoms in an element is expressed as the atomic mass. • Adding the protons and neutrons will give you the atomic mass. • For example Iron (Fe) has an atomic mass of 56 because there are 26 protons and 30 neutrons and added together that makes 56. Groups and Periods • What is a group? A group in the periodic table is a column. • All the elements in a group have similar properties • Also known as a family • Metals, nonmetals, metalloids, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases. • What is a period? A period in the periodic table is a row • The elements in a period have different properties. • The mass gets larger as you go from left to right. History of Periodic Table The founder of the modern Periodic Table is Dmitri Mendeleev Russian chemist and inventor Made his discovery but first writing a book and realized that all the elements sometimes have similar properties so he decided to group them.