Download Plant Structure 1 The ability of molecules of one substance to stick to

Plant Structure 1
The ability of molecules of one substance to stick to a different
substance.
adhesion
The part of the stamen that produces and stores pollen until it is
ripe.
anther
The suppression of the growth of the lateral buds by the apical bud,
thus allowing the stem to elongate.
apical dominance
Angle between the petiole of a leaf and the stem.
axil
Beginning of a shoot, leaf or flower. Leaf or flower not fully open.
Also an asexual growth later separating to form new organism.
bud
Female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of stigma, style and
ovary.
carpel
Cells in phloem associated with sieve tube cells. The nucleus of these
companion cells
cells also controls the activities of the phloem sieve tube cells.
Tissue of the stem or root that lies outside the vascular tissue.
cortex (of plant)
Non-cellular waxy layer covering the epidermis of a leaf. Prevents
excess loss of water (by evaporation) from leaf.
cuticle
Refers to plants that may be woody or herbaceous, have an embryo
with two seed leaves, flower parts in units of four or five, leaves with
dicotyledon
netted (reticulate) venation and vascular bundles are arranged in a
circle. These plants also have tap roots, e.g. broad bean.
Group of threadlike roots approximately equal in size arising from
base of stem, e.g. grasses.
fibrous root(s)
Found each side of stomata in the epidermis of plants. Controls
opening and closing of stomata and contains chlorophyll. Regulates
gas exchange and transpiration.
guard cell
The arrangement of flowers on the stem of a plant – single or group,
along the stem or clustered, e.g. lupin, foxglove, gladioli, etc.
inflorescence
Bud found on the side of a winter twig or bulb.
lateral bud
Side shoots, i.e. shoots arising from the axil and growing away from
the main shoot.
lateral shoot(s)
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A raised opening (pore) in the bark of a woody stem formed by
loosely arranged cells with air spaces between them to facilitate
gaseous exchange.
Tip of shoots and roots of plants. Area of active cell division (mitosis)
which produces ‘simple’ cells which later undergo elongation and
differentiation to give rise to the various plant tissues, e.g. xylem,
phloem, etc.
Leaf that has undergone changes in structure in order to adapt to its
environment, sometimes store food and survive adverse conditions,
e.g. pine needles, cactus needles, celery, rhubarb, fleshy leaves of
bulbs, etc.
Stem that has undergone changes in structure in order to adapt to
its environment, store food and survive adverse conditions, e.g.
rhizome, stem tuber (potatoes), etc.
lenticel
meristem
modified leaf
modified stem
Gland found on any flower part which secretes nectar.
nectary
Point on a stem where a leaf or leaves are attached.
node
Cells containing chlorophyll found at the top of a leaf forming one or
more layers. Function in photosynthesis.
palisade cell
Part of a flower, usually coloured. Attracts insects to effect
pollination.
petal
Conducting tissue in plants for transporting substances, e.g. food
and hormones.
phloem
Soft spongy tissue in the centre of most angiosperm stems.
pith
Tip of the main shoots and roots of plants. Area of active cell division
(mitosis) which produces ‘simple’ cells which later undergo
primary meristem
elongation and differentiation to give rise to the various plant
tissues, e.g. xylem, phloem, etc.
Part of a plant embryo that develops into the root.
radicle
Swollen horizontal underground stem. Perennating organ. Terminal
bud produces leaves and flowers above ground. Lateral buds
produce new ones of these underground, roots (adventitious) e.g.
iris, mint, scutch grass.
rhizome
A loosely arranged mass of cells that covers and protects the root tip
as it grows through the soil.
root cap
The force which can push water up a stem from the root and cause it
to exude (seep) from a cut stump of a plant. The movement of water root pressure
into the xylem, by osmosis, causes this.
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A branch off the main root, e.g. lateral roots off a main tap root.
secondary root
That part of a plant that grows above the ground. Young branch or
sucker, new growth of plant.
shoot
That part of a plant that usually grows upwards from the soil.
Possesses leaves and buds. Its main functions are support,
conduction (in xylem and phloem) and sometimes storage.
A tiny opening in the upper or lower epidermis of a leaf through
which gases pass (gaseous exchange). Surrounded by two guard
cells.
stem
Stoma(ta)
Swollen root for food storage. Not a reproductive organ. Biennial
plants, e.g. carrot, turnip, dandelion, etc. have them.
tap root
Bud found at end of stem. Also called an apical bud.
terminal bud
The loss of water vapour from the surface of a plant.
transpiration
Leaf that has two or more colours, it may be spotted or striped.
variegated leaf
A transport system:
in animals, it is composed of the blood/circulatory system.
in plants, it is composed of the water (xylem) and food (phloem)
conducting system.
vascular system
Pertaining to the asexual parts of the plant, i.e. stem, leaf, root – not
flowers and seeds.
vegetative
Water and mineral conducting tissue in plants, composed of dead
cells. Forms the woody tissue and provides mechanical support.
xylem
Short, wide, dead cells arranged end to end, no end walls. Form
continuous tube, larger diameter cells than xylem tracheids. Have
lignin, in spiral bands for thickening, and numerous pits. They
transport water and minerals upwards from root to stem.
Area in root and shoot tips immediately behind the meristematic
zones where simple cells undergo a lengthening process prior to
differentiation.
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xylem vessel
zone of elongation