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Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity 1 Origins of Christianity -Judaism: world’s first monotheistic religion - Jews believed that one days Messiah or a savior would be sent by God to save the Jewish people - In 63 BC Pompey (remember him from the First Triumvirate??) conquered Judea 2 Origins of Christianity -started as a group of Jewish people who believed that a young man named Jesus was the Messiah -Christians believed that Jesus was also the son of God and the incarnation of God on Earth 3 Christianity • Romans allowed Jewish people to worship their one god • Many Jews reluctantly lived under Roman rule, however, some wanted a revolt against Rome and believed a messiah would come to lead their people to freedom Jesus -Born in 4 B.C. in Bethlehem -worshipped God and followed Jewish law -at 30 began preaching to villagers, used parablesshort stories with simple moral lessons to communicate his ideas -Recruited 12 disciples to help him spread his ideas, called Apostles, in Jerusalem -Some Jews in Jerusalem welcomed Jesus, many of the rabbis felt he threatened their leadership -Roman authorities felt Jesus would lead the Jews in a revolt against their rule 5 Jesus’ Message • God was coming soon to rule the world • He urged people to stop their sins • Faith over Laws: He stressed that following Jewish religious laws was not as important as having a personal relationship with God based on faith • Forgiveness: people that to love and forgive from the heart rather than go through the motions of following religious law • Love: “Love your neighbor as yourself” • Salvation: Life after death in Heaven for those who believe in him and confess their sins • Trinity: Belief that God had three aspects: Father, Son, Holy Spirit 6 Death of Jesus -According to the Gospels, Jesus was betrayed by one of his disciples, arrested by the Romans, and killed by crucifixion-a person was bound to a cross and left to die -Rumors then spread that Jesus had not died but had risen from death and commanded his disciples to spread his teachings -After the disciples reported he ascended into heaven Gospels: the 4 accounts of Jesus’ life written down by his followers Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John 7 Christianity Spreads -Followers called Christians -Disciples preach the messages of Christianity throughout the Roman world -Peter established Christianity in Rome itself -Paul played the most influential role in spreading Christianity He spread Christianity throughout the Mediterranean -His letters called Epistles became part of the New Testament in the Bible 8 Christians Oppressed • Romans were not tolerant towards Christians because: • they refused to honor the emperor with sacrifices • they refused to worship Roman gods to protect the state • Christians were used as scapegoats, blamed for social and economic problems •Many Christians became martyrs- or people who suffer or die for their beliefs •However, Christianity continued to spread due to the fact that all people were welcome 9 10 Martyrs 11 Appeal of Christianity • Jesus’ teachings honor the poor over the rich • Jesus taught that anyone could be saved • Jesus brought a message of love and compassion 12 Early Christian Church: Constantine • Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity in 312 AD when he saw a flaming cross in the sky as he was about to go into battle. • He also saw the words “You will conquer under this sign”. • Constantine won the battle and thought the Christian God gave him victory. 13 Early Christian Church: Constantine -Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in A.D. 313. -The Edict granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire -325AD Council of Nicaea is held to formally write down Christian beliefs -Nicene Creed: the formal declaration of Christian belief 14 Theodosius Formally makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire in 392 AD 15 Structure of the Church The Christian Clergy Pope/Patriarch Bishop Diocese Priest + Community Bishop Diocese Priest + Community Bishop Diocese Priest + Community 16