Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Church Reform and the Crusades Ch. 14 S. 1 Monastic Revival and Church Reform Beginning in the 1000s, a new sense of __________ feeling arose in Europe, which led to changes in the Church. Popes began a ________ movement. Launching the reform was the founding of the monastery at Cluny, ___________, in 910. • Reform Begins at Cluny During the 900s, about 300 related ______________ were begun in Europe. In 1098, another order – the ______________ – was also begun. Their life of __________ encouraged further reform. Popes Leo IX and Gregory VII made other reforms. They enforced ______ against the ___________ of priests and the selling of Church offices. Later popes reorganized Church _____________. • Reform and Church Organization To advise the pope, they created a group called the ________, which made church law – __________ law – and enforced it. The Church collected a _______ from all believers, which it used to care for the sick and poor. • Preaching Friars In the early 1200s, a new Church group arose. Called _________, they moved from place to place spreading the __________ of the Church. They owned nothing and ____________ for food. • Religious Orders for Women Some became ____________ because they studied the ________ and other writings. Women joined in this spiritual revival as well. Many joined convents to __________ themselves to God. Cathedrals – Cities of God • A New Style of Church Architecture This new Age of _________ was shown in another way, as many towns in Europe built magnificent ______________. In the early 1100s, these huge churches used a new style of architecture called ____________. These buildings were _______, reaching toward ____________. They had walls covered with windows of colorful ____________ glass, which let in beautiful light. Ch. 14 S. 1 The Crusades The renewed faith also led to war. In 1093, the Byzantine emperor asked for help against Muslim ______ who were threatening Constantinople, his capital. The pope urged the leaders of Western Europe to begin a _______ war. He wanted Christians to gain control of _________________ and the entire Holy Land. This was the first of several _____________ fought over the next 200 years. Rulers and the Church favored the Crusades because they sent warlike __________ out of their lands. Common people joined the Crusades out of deep ____________ feeling. • The First and Second Crusade The first Crusade, begun in 1096, was __________ organized. Yet the Crusades still captured some of the Holy Land, including _____________. Muslims later won back some of this land, and other Crusades began to try to _________ it again. • The Third and Fourth Crusades Finally, a Fourth Crusade ended in ____________. The Western army attacked not the Muslims but the Byzantine Empire itself. In 1204, the Crusades __________ Constantinople. This helped make a lasting ________ between western and eastern Christian churches. • The Later Crusades The Crusading Spirit Dwindles A later Crusade took place in __________. Christian _________ tried to win back the land that Muslims had conquered in the 700s. This fight lasted from the 1100s until 1492, when the last Spanish ____________ land fell. • A Spanish Crusade _____________ of Jews had lived in Spanish Muslim lands. Many became Christians so that they could remain after the ______________ was completed. Many Muslims and Jews also suffered during the ________________ – tribunal of heresy. • The Effects of the Crusades The Crusades had many ___________ on Europe. The failure of later ones cut the __________ of the popes, and the __________ of many knights reduced the power of nobles. Contact with the ________ revived trade. However, the Christians’ ___________ treatment of Muslims in the Holy Land led to ________________ that has lasted to the present.