Download Church Reform and the Crusades

Church Reform and the Crusades
Ch. 14 S. 1
Monastic Revival and Church Reform
Beginning in the 1000s, a new sense of __________ feeling arose in Europe, which led
to changes in the Church. Popes began a ________ movement. Launching the
reform was the founding of the monastery at Cluny, ___________, in 910.
• Reform Begins at Cluny
During the 900s, about 300 related ______________ were begun in Europe. In 1098,
another order – the ______________ – was also begun. Their life of __________
encouraged further reform.
Popes Leo IX and Gregory VII made other reforms. They enforced ______ against the
___________ of priests and the selling of Church offices. Later popes reorganized
Church _____________.
• Reform and Church Organization
To advise the pope, they created a group called the ________, which made church law
– __________ law – and enforced it. The Church collected a _______ from all
believers, which it used to care for the sick and poor.
• Preaching Friars
In the early 1200s, a new Church group arose. Called _________, they moved from
place to place spreading the __________ of the Church. They owned nothing and
____________ for food.
• Religious Orders for Women
Some became ____________ because they studied the ________ and other writings.
Women joined in this spiritual revival as well. Many joined convents to __________
themselves to God.
Cathedrals – Cities of God
• A New Style of Church Architecture
This new Age of _________ was shown in another way, as many towns in Europe built
magnificent ______________. In the early 1100s, these huge churches used a new
style of architecture called ____________.
These buildings were _______, reaching toward ____________. They had walls
covered with windows of colorful ____________ glass, which let in beautiful light.
Ch. 14 S. 1
The Crusades
The renewed faith also led to war. In 1093, the Byzantine emperor asked for help
against Muslim ______ who were threatening Constantinople, his capital. The pope
urged the leaders of Western Europe to begin a _______ war. He wanted Christians
to gain control of _________________ and the entire Holy Land.
This was the first of several _____________ fought over the next 200 years. Rulers
and the Church favored the Crusades because they sent warlike __________ out of
their lands. Common people joined the Crusades out of deep ____________ feeling.
• The First and Second Crusade
The first Crusade, begun in 1096, was __________ organized. Yet the Crusades still
captured some of the Holy Land, including _____________. Muslims later won back
some of this land, and other Crusades began to try to _________ it again.
• The Third and Fourth Crusades
Finally, a Fourth Crusade ended in ____________. The Western army attacked not the
Muslims but the Byzantine Empire itself. In 1204, the Crusades __________
Constantinople. This helped make a lasting ________ between western and eastern
Christian churches.
• The Later Crusades
The Crusading Spirit Dwindles
A later Crusade took place in __________. Christian _________ tried to win back the
land that Muslims had conquered in the 700s. This fight lasted from the 1100s until
1492, when the last Spanish ____________ land fell.
• A Spanish Crusade
_____________ of Jews had lived in Spanish Muslim lands. Many became Christians so
that they could remain after the ______________ was completed. Many Muslims
and Jews also suffered during the ________________ – tribunal of heresy.
• The Effects of the Crusades
The Crusades had many ___________ on Europe. The failure of later ones cut the
__________ of the popes, and the __________ of many knights reduced the power
of nobles.
Contact with the ________ revived trade. However, the Christians’ ___________
treatment of Muslims in the Holy Land led to ________________ that has lasted to
the present.