Download ANCIENT GREECE (ANCIENT GREECE)

ANCIENT GREECE
(ANCIENT GREECE)
Where is Greece?
• Sunny Greece is
1,500 miles from
England.
• It’s capital city is
Athens
• Little farmland/natural
resources
• Water used for
transportation/trade
Ancient Greece
• In Ancient Greece,
the different cities
were at war with each
other.
• The most fearsome
fighters came from
the town of Sparta.
Early people in Greece
Minoans
Mycenaeans
•1600B.C. – 1500B.C.
•1400B.C – 1200B.C
•lived on island of Crete, capitol
was Knossos
•Conquered the Minoans
•learned ideas/technology from
Egyptians and other early
civilizations
•Led by warrior-kings who built
walls to protect cities
•grew due to trade instead of
war
•Fought in the Trojan War
Helen of Troy:
“The Face That Launched 1000 Ships”
Dorians
•
•1100B.C – 900B.C.
•Conquered the Mycenaean's
•Less advanced, no writing
•Information passed on orally
•Homer
famous blind storyteller
of
•Epics
poems that tell a story
•Told the Iliad and the
Odyssey
Ancient Greece
Section 2: The Rise of Greek CityStates
Greek Civics and Politics
• Civic and personal honor is one and the
same
• The Polis (city-state) is above everything else
Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995.
The Polis (city-state)
• Made up of a major city or town and its
surrounding countryside
• 2 levels:
– the acropolis- or high city, great marble
temples dedicated to different gods and
goddesses
– the agora- or main city, walled, marketplace,
theater, public buildings, and homes. Below.
Types of Governments
1. Monarchy
– ruled by a
king/queen, rule
stays in the family
(hereditary)
2. Aristocracy
– ruled by the small
group of
rich/wealthy
citizens (also
hereditary)
3. Oligarchy
– ruled by a small
group of powerful,
military people
↓ CATAPULT ↓
Greek Military
↓ Flamethrower!!!!! ↓
←This is a hoplite, a Greek
infantry soldier.
← Hoplites were middleclass freemen who had to
pay for their own weapon
and shield.
New Warfare Methods Shape
Greece
•Iron weapons replaced bronze ones
•Because Iron = cheaper than bronze….ordinary citizens
could afford iron helmets, shields, and swords
← This is a phalanx.
← Soldiers get in a tight box.
They each have a large
shield and a 9 foot long
spear.
Technology results from
necessity
• Since Greek coastal cities were
sandwiched between the ocean
and the sea, they developed an
awesome navy for trading and
fighting.
Technology results from
scarcity
• All cities need fresh
water. This is a
Greek aqueduct,
basically a brick
water pipe.
• The first aqueduct
was Assyrian, but
most ancient
societies had them.
Changes in Military Technology
Caused….
• Increased power of the middle class
• Strong sense of unity among citizensoldiers
• Reduced class differences
• VERY different ways of life to develop in
Athens and Sparta
Sparta
Spartan
society was obsessed
with war.
Boys
were sent to military
school at a young age (as
young as 7!).
Boys
who are born deformed
are left to die on mountainsides
Did
not care about trade,
wealth, individual rights or the
arts
Military
and serving Sparta =
most important thing
Athens
•first ruled by tyrants
•rulers who take
power by force
•became a democracy
•type of
government where
people vote
•Limited to wealthy
and citizens only
(slaves, women,
foreigners not citizens)
•Men allowed to be
educated/think freely
unlike Sparta
Athens was the first
democracy.
• Democracy
type of government where people
vote.
• Eventually Athens became a direct
democracy
where people vote on everything.
• The U.S. today is a representative
democracy
where we vote for people to make
decisions for us.
Remember! If you think the
U.S. is so much better. . .
• Some southern states did not let African
Americans vote until the 1960s (Voting
Rights Act 1965)
• Women could not vote in the U.S. until
1920 (19th Amendment)
• Eighteen year olds could not vote until
the late 1970s.
Ancient Greece
Section 3: Conflict in the Greek
World
Persian Wars
• Athens attacked first,
• Persians enter
soon get help from other
Greece from east
city-states including
• Led by Darius and his
Sparta
son Xerxes
• Greeks see any non- • Greeks win using
Athens’ navy and
Greek as barbarians
Sparta’s army
(uncivilized people)
• Form the Delian Leagueand want them out
140 city-states
cooperating and
defending each other
(led by Athens)
Persian Wars:
Famous Battles
$
Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens; Hand-to-hand combat
$
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans fight @ mountain pass
$
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious
Thermopylae
Leonidas and 300 Spartans fight to the death defending the pass!
The movie “300” depicts
this battle…although it
is more Hollywood than
pure facts!
The Golden Age of Athens
• After the Persian Wars
• Period of great wealth
and culture (Led by
Pericles)
• Developed Direct
Democracy
• Strengthened Athens
(built a 200 ship navy)
• Glorified Athens (new
buildings of gold, marble,
ivory)
Peloponnesian War
• Between Athens and
Sparta (Spartans
resented/jealous of
Athens)
• Sparta had superior
army, Athens had a better
navy
• Sparta attacked on land
and eventually defeated
Athens
• Helped by the Persians
and a plague (sickness)
in Athens
Ancient Greece
Section 4: Greek Glory
The Great Greek Philosophers
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle
http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/PHIL/cpshelle/Gallery/Greek/aristotle.jpg
Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
 Know thyself!
 question everything
 only the pursuit of goodness
brings happiness.
Plato
 The Academy
 The world of the FORMS
 The Republic  philosopher-king
Greek Theater
• Began during festivals
honoring the god
Dionysus (600 BCE)
• Types of Plays
– Tragedies
-serious, had a
moral
– Comedies
-made fun of
people/society
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/28feastofgods.jpg
• Only men could act in
plays
• A civic responsibility
Greek Architecture
• Classical
– Everything is balanced and in order
– Used columns
• Tried to show everything in its perfect form
The Parthenon
The Acropolis Today
Phidias’
Acropolis
Ancient Greece
Section 5: Alexander The Great
and Hellenistic Culture
Alexander the
Great
Alexander
was not from
Athens, but Macedonia.
Alexander
was a brilliant
military strategist.
His
favorite book was
Homer’s Iliad
Alexander conquered the Persian
empire and controlled the largest
empire the world has ever seen.
Alexander
spread
Hellenistic
culture
throughout
Asia.
Hellenistic
is a
fancy word for
Greek.
Alexander
spread
Greek technology
and ideas
throughout his
empire
Helenistic culture –
mixing of Greek,
Egyptian and Asian
customs
