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Ancient Egyptians
Brianna Courteau,
Eva Moynihan,
and Josephine Bowen
Map
In ancient Egypt
the major cities
were located along
the Nile River.
Today the major
cities in Egypt are
still located along
the Nile.
Time Line
Natural Resources
Reeds that surround the Nile are used to
make mats, sandals, and baskets.
The mud the reeds grew in was used to
make pottery.
Papyrus grew around the Nile and was
made into a paper that was easy to write on
with ink.
Other resources:
● gold
○ new level of sophistication to European
society
● natural salts (natron, brine and soda)
○ used in medicine, to flavor and preserve
food, tan animal hides, and to mummify
● sandstone and limestone
○ build temples, palaces and tombs
● flax
○ used for oil and fiber
Language/Communication
The official language of Ancient Egypt
was Coptic. Coptic is a variant of the
Greek alphabet and was the official
language until the Arabs conquered
Egypt. Today the official language of
Egypt is Arabic.
Hieroglyphics “Sacred Carving”
“Language of the gods” were
used mostly by upper-class
because hieroglyphics were
time consuming to learn and
create.
Social Organization
King Tut
Pharoah- connecter between gods and earth
leader of the people
●
●
●
●
He ruled the people and was seen as a religious man.
King Tutankhamun began his rule at 19 years old and was murdered shortly
after.
Akhenaten changed the religion. Because many people did not agree, his
monuments were destroyed and his name was scratched off of statues
shortly after his death.
1479- Hatshepsut began rule after she was widowed by Thutmose II.
Social Organization
●
●
Women were equal with men before the law. They had the right to file
for divorce.
Had different social
classes that were determined
by the occupation starting with
the pharaohs on the top and
ending with salves on the
bottom.
Trade and Commerce
● Grain was mainly used as money.
● Internal trade and commerce was done by
bartering.
● Egypt lacked horses and trees, so the
people of Egypt traded with other areas
that had the resources they needed.
Infrastructure
City-states were mainly located by the Nile
Early houses were made of papyrus reeds.
Later, the rich could afford to build their houses out of stone but
the middle and lower class houses were made of mud bricks and straw.
living areas were on the roofs
Infrastructure
Pyramids: houses for the dead
Smooth
angled
sides =
rays of the
sun. Easier
for
pharaoh's
soul to
ascend to
heaven.
Built by
20,000 skilled
laborers, not
salves!
The Great Pyramid of Giza,
2600 BC
Saqqara, Egypt 2700 BC
Religion
● Polytheistsic - believed in many gods
● believed in an afterlife
● believed your heart was weighed on a scale.
On the other side of that scale was a
feather of truth and justice called the ma’
at
● Ammit was the creature that ate the evil
hearts
Some of the gods and goddesses
➢
Ra: god of the sun, first pharaoh of the world
➢
Geb: goddess of the sky
➢
Nut: god of the earth
➢
Shu: god of air
➢
Osiris: god of the underworld
➢
Anubis: god of the funerals
➢
Set: god of deserts, storms, evil
➢
Isis: goddess of magic and ambitious and clever women
➢
Horus: known as the avenger, god of courage
➢
Thoth: god of knowledge
Technology
sails
365 day calendar with
leap years- the solar
year and man-made
calendar do not always
match up
Papyrus and ink - paper that is
easy to write on and roll up
First ox drawn plows
Culture
Cats-
Snakes, mice, and rats were a threat to the Egyptian grain storage. The Egyptians
learned that cats eat these animals and they began to leave food out to attract the cats.
Eventually, the cats were welcomed into houses. It was believed that if you saw a cat in your dream
you would have a good harvest. They believed that only a pharaoh had a high enough status to own
a cat an harming a cat was considered treason.
Embalming- First, the brain was removed through the nose. The heart was left in
place while the rest of the organs were liquified using cedar oil. The body was flushed with water
and left in natron, a salt, to be dried up. Then the body was mummified
Ba and Ka-The ka was a spirit that left the body once death occured. The body
was put through an embalming process to give the ka a place to live. The ba was part of the soul
that could travel between the living and the dead.
Art
Works Cited
http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/newkingdom/resources.html
http://www.historymuseum.ca/splash
http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/special/hieroglyphs/hieroglyphs_spell_results.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperus_papyrus
http://www.touregypt.net/egypt-info/magazine-mag05012001-magf4a.htm
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/the-egyptian-pyramids
http://www.dipity.com/
http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/ancient-egyptian-inventions.html
http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/interactives/history-of-pyramids-infographic
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/history/the-queen-who-would-be-king-130328511/
http://www.kidzworld.com/article/1074-egypt-ancient-paper-papyrus
http://www.kidsgen.com/ancient_egypt/daily_life.htm
http://www.gotravel24.com/world/leap-year-facts-and-traditions
http://www.infoniac.com/science/top-10-inventions-of-ancient-egypt.html
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/coptic.htm
Works Cited
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/265021/hieroglyphic-writing
http://ss6shms.pbworks.com/w/page/24556952/Ancient%20Egypt
http://myweb.usf.edu/~liottan/theegyptiansoul.html
http://www.rickriordan.com/my-books/kane-chronicles/explore-egyptian-mythology/the-egyptian-gods.aspx
http://www.mummies2pyramids.info/geography-cities/geography-cities-index.htm
http://www.gks.uk.com/Horus-falcon-god/
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1502.htm
http://www.iranpoliticsclub.net/authors/queen-nefertari/index.htm
http://www.historyonthenet.com/egyptians/housing.htm
http://looklex.com/e.o/egypt.ancient.life_styles.htm
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