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The Prophet Muhammad
Chapter 8
8.3 Muhammad’s Early Life
1. Birth, orphan, trader, marriage
 Few people noticed Muhammad’s birth
 Poor family, became an orphan
 Became a trader
 At 25, a widow named Khadijah proposed
marriage
 They had several children, including a daughter
named Fatimah
What was Muhammad’s occupation?
1. Herder
2. Teacher
3. Farmer
4. Trader
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8.4 The Call to Prophethood
1. Cave, Gabriel, Allah, Qur’an
 Spiritual man, often prayed in the mtns.
 While praying in a cave, the angel Gabriel
appeared to him
 For 22 yrs, he listened to messages Gabriel
brought from God, whom Arabs call Allah
 Muhammad preached faith in one God & the
values: compassion, honesty, & justice
 Gradually, a small group of followers formed,
who called themselves Muslims
 His writings were later written down and became
the Qur’an
How did Muhammad learn that he was
to be a prophet?
1. Saw it in a dream
2. Told by the angel
Gabriel
3. Allah spoke to him
through a burning
bush
4. His uncle told him
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8.5 Teaching Meets with Rejection
1. Reject, followers, boycott, Night Journey
He began to preach his message to the Makkans
Most Makkans rejected his teachings, but
Muhammad did gain followers
Powerful Makkans ordered a boycott of his clan to
make them reject Islam
It lasted for 3 years but Muslims didn’t give up
their faith
In 619, he described being taken on a winged horse
to visit Jerusalem & the 7 levels of heaven & to
meet earlier prophets & God
Called the Night Journey
How did most Makkans feel about
Muhammad’s preachings?
1. They eagerly
accepted
2. They didn’t care
3. They rejected it
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8.6 Migration to Medina to the End of Life
1. Madinah, People of the Book, battles, Last Sermon
 People in Madinah invited him to live there &
promised to protect him
 He created a Muslim community in Madinah that
respected people of other faiths
 Christians & Jews were to be treated w/ respect
as “People of the Book”
Once in Madinah, Muhammad
preached…
1. tolerance of other
religions
2. that everyone must
be convert to Islam
3. that belief in Allah
was not important
4. that Hinduism and
Islam were very
similar
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Christians & Jews were respected and
referred to as
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2.
3.
4.
Polytheists
People to be feared
People of the Qu’ran
People of the Book
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8.6 Migration to Medina to the End of Life
3. Summary:
 Christians & Jews were to be treated w/ respect as “People
of the Book”
 Fighting broke out b/t Makkans & Muslims
 After several battles, his army captured Makkah w/o a fight
 He destroyed idols at the Ka’ba & dedicated the shrine to
Allah
 He forgave his enemies, & the war ended
 Before his death, he delivered his Last Sermon
 He told Muslims to be faithful & to treat each other well
Fighting broke out between the
Muslims and
1. Makkans
2. Jews
3. People of Medina
4. Christians
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Once Muhammad’s army won control
of Makkah, he dedicated this place to
Allah
1. Bazaar
2. Ka’ba
3. The cave where he
used to pray
4. Madinah
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8.7 & 8.8 Four Caliphs & Umayyad Dynasty
 Most of Arabia was under Muslim control when he died
 After his death, caliphs unified Arabia & expanded across
the Middle East and N. Africa
 The fourth caliph was his son-in-law, Ali
 After Ali’s death, Sunnis & Shi’a split in a dispute over who
should be the next caliph
 This division continues today.
 In 661, the Umayyad dynasty moved the Muslim capital to
Damascus
 Muslims expanded into India, central Asia, & Europe
 A loss at the Battle of Tours in France in 732 ended
expansion into Europe, but Muslims kept control of Spain,
which became a great center of culture & learning
Following his death, Arabia
1. Became unified
2. Fell into chaos
3. Was attacked by the
French
4. Became known as
the Far East
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Muslims split into two major sects,
Shi’a and
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3.
4.
Sunni
Saudi
Makkans
Syrians
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Muslims split into Sunni & Shi’a due to
a dispute over
1. Muhammad’s property
2. Access to the Ka’ba
3. The official language of
the Qu’ran
4. Who should be the
next caliph
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The Battle of Tours was significant
because
1. It was the first battle
of Muslim
expansion
2. It marked the
furthest extent of
the Muslim empire
3. Muhammad died in
this battle
4. The Muslims
defeated the French
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This city in Spain was an important
center for learning & culture
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Madrid
Makkah
Cordova
Barcelona
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Flow Map
Your Life
• Four major events in your life
Flow Map
The Prophet Muhammad
• Four major events in the life of Muhammad
Flow Map
• Four major events in the life of Muhammad
Early Life
Prophethood
Rejection
Migration to
Madinah
Processing 9 (Photo Story)
• 5 Slides. Each slide should have
– Appropriate image
– 1-2 sentence caption explaining an important event in
Muhammad’s life
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Slide 1 = Title slide
Slides 2-5 = Four phases of Muhammad’s life
6 points / slide = 30 points total
Digital or by hand.
No images on flash drive = no laptop