Download King Philip II: United the Greek city states under his leadership after

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ANCIENT GREECE UNIT ASSESSMENT STUDY GUIDE
✓ Know the following vocabulary
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Barbarian - a non-Greek who was thought to be wild and uncivilized
Alexandria - ancient city in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great
Peninsula - a piece of land surrounded by water on 3 sides
Epic - a long poem that tells a story
Assassinate - to take another’s life for political reasons
Agora - a place in ancient Greece to socialize and shop
Aristocrat - a person born into a wealthy and powerful family
Acropolis - a high rocky hill where major cities were built
Helot - a Spartan slave
Plague - a devastating illness that spreads quickly
Kingdom - a territory ruled by a king or queen
Hellenistic - having characteristics of Greek culture
Dark Ages - a time in early Greece where trade, writing, and art was lost
Philosopher - a person who studied the world around them and tried to find scientific or
mathematical reasons to explain why things happened
Barracks - housing for military personnel
Enslave - to force into slavery
Tribute - money paid for protection
Blockade - a military strategy that blocks delivery of food and supplies
Alliance - a partnership
Tyrant - a person who gains power by force
Democracy - a type of government where the citizens have a say in major decisions
Courtyard - an enclosed patio
✓ Know the following famous people and what they were responsible for:
Alexander the Great: conquered Persia and Egypt; spread Greek culture
Hippocrates: “Father of Medicine”; wrote about medicine and treatments; wrote “The
Complicated Body” while in jail for 20 years; Hippocratic Oath
Pericles: Athenian political and military leader; improved democracy - gave salaries for
government positions
Archimedes: mathematician; use of levers & pulleys to move heavy objects; Archimedes
screw
Socrates: philosopher; taught through questioning; sentenced to death for questioning the
belief in/power of the gods
Pythagoras: mathematician who developed Pythagorean Theorem ( a2 + b2 = c2 ), a formula
used to determine lengths of sides of a right triangle
Eratosthenes: measured the circumference of the Earth; created latitude and longitude
lines on maps
King Philip II: United the Greek city states under his leadership after they were weakened by
the Peloponnesian war; father of ATG
✓ List major differences between Athens and Sparta.
● Athens - valued education, literature and art; Sparta - valued military strength
● Athens - Democracy (rule by the people); Sparta - oligarchy (rule by a few)
● Athenian women had little freedom, stayed at home; Spartan women had more
opportunities and responsibilities outside the home
● Athens – strong navy; Sparta – strong army
● Athens – only men could be citizens; Sparta – men and women could be citizens if they
passed a physical test
✓ What were some of the important contributions Greece made to the world?
● Politics - democracy/salaries for government officials
● Math – discoveries in geometry/formulas; pi; size (circumference) of Earth
● Medicine - cures and treatments, Hippocratic Oath
● Education – schools for medicine, math, philosophy
● War strategies and weapons – phalanx, siege towers, 18 foot pikes
● The Olympics - originally created to honor the god Zeus
● The arts – theater, architecture, literature/recording their history
● Philosophy – new way of thinking; gods did not control everything
✓ What were the Delian League and the Peloponnesus League? What did members of these
groups contribute to the leagues?
Delian League: Athens and her allies; allies paid tributes ($$$) to Athens for protection from
Persians
Peloponnesus League: Sparta and her allies; allies supplied Sparta with soldiers for protection
✓ Describe some important facts about “The Golden Age”.
● Athens grew rich from trade, silver mines, and tribute money
● Democracy thrived
● Rebuilt Acropolis and Parthenon
● Sculptures and art give us information about Greek people’s lives and beliefs
✓ What were Greece’s geographical features (landforms), and how were they important to
the Greek people?
● Peninsula – Greeks had easy access to water = excellent sailor and traders
● Islands and Mountains – Made independent city-states because they made travel
difficult
● Seas – provided important food source to the Greeks, trade routes
● Isthmus – access to Peloponnesus and Athens/Attica
● Coastlines, coves, and straits - gave Greece “home turf” advantage
● Cliffs - protection