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Transcript
Q: What theory explains why the continents move? A: The Continental Drift Theory Q: What causes the mid-ocean ridges to form? A: Sea-floor spreading Q: What is associated with transform boundaries? A: earthquakes Q: How do scientists measure tectonic plate motion? A: with global positioning systems (GPS) Q: What is another name for stress squeezing an object? A: compression Q: What is another name for stress pulling an object? A: tension Q: What does the continental drift theory state? A: The idea that all continents were once part of one big landmass. Q: What is it called when Earth’s magnetic poles change places (north to south and south to north)? A: magnetic reversal Q: What can tectonic plates form when they converge or come together? A: mountains Q: What is a fault? A: the surface of a broken rock layer Q: What is another name for the bending of a rock layer? A: a fold Q: What is made by earthquakes and was used to help measure the thickness of the Earth? A: seismic waves Q: What is the layer of rock called that the plates move around on? It is slow flowing solid. A: asthenosphere Q: Where is the Earth’s crust? A: on the outside layer of the Earth Q: Which layer of the core is liquid iron? A: the outer core Q: Which layer of the Earth makes up 67% of the mass of the Earth? A: the mantle Q: What do scientists call the super-continent? A: Pangaea Q: What are tectonic plates? A: pieces of the lithosphere Q: How is a “normal” fault made? A: When tension breaks a rock layer. Q: How is a convergent boundary formed? A: When tectonic plates move together. Q: How is a “reverse” fault made? A: When compression breaks a rock layer. Q: New crust in the ocean is a sign that what has happened? A: sea-floor spreading Q: How is a “divergent” boundary formed? A: When tectonic plates move apart. Q: The lithosphere floats on a layer of the Earth’s mantle called the _______________. A: asthenosphere Q: The mantle mainly consists of a dense layer called the ___________. A: mesosphere Q: The solid layer at the Earth’s center is known as the _________________________. A: inner core Q: The process whereby rock layers are raised to higher elevations is _______________. A: uplift Q: Which is most dense, the mantle or the crust? Why? A: The mantle is denser than the crust because it contains more magnesium. Q: What is the main element that makes up the inner and outer cores? A: iron Q: Why do seismic waves travel through earth’s layers at different speeds? A: It all depends upon the density of the materials through which the waves are traveling. Q: What are three bits of evidence that support the theory of continental drift? A: 1. similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean. 2. similar natural resources are found on both sides of the ocean. 3. the continents fit together like a puzzle. Q: What is a rift zone? A: Sets of deep cracks that form between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other. Q: True or False? Evidence for sea-floor spreading has come from magnetic minerals on the ocean floor. A: True Q: True or False? The further you go away from the Mid-Atlantic ridge, the younger the rock is. A: False. The further you go away form the MidAtlantic ridge, the older the rock is. Q: Is the Atlantic Ocean getting larger? A: Yes. Q: If the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger why is the Earth not growing in size? A: Rock is being recycled (subduction) Q: What is “ridge push”? A: It is when oceanic lithosphere slides downhill due to gravity. Q: What is the process of moving layers of rock by heating and cooling called? A: convection Q: What is “slab pull”? A: When denser oceanic lithosphere sinks beneath continental lithosphere. Q: What is an anticline? A: It is an upward arching rock layer. Q: What is a syncline? A: It is a downward arching rock layer. Q: What kind of fault happens when the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall? A: a normal fault Q: What kind of fault happens when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall? A: a reverse fault Q: What is “subsidence”? A: It is the sinking of rock layers. Q: What is “uplift”? A: It is the rising of rock layers. Q: What does “litho”, “meso”, and “astheno” mean? A: litho = rock; meso = middle, astheno = weak Q: What kind of force can lead to mountains with sharp, jagged peaks? A: tension Q: What type of boundary is formed when plates slide past each other? A: transform boundary Q: What is used to measure the density of Earth’s layers? A: seismograph Q: Why didn’t Alfred Wegener’s peers accept his theory of continental drift? A: Scientists of the time did not know what could cause large land masses to move. They didn’t have an answer to the question, “Why?” Q: What are the layers of the Earth based on their physical properties? A: lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core. Q: What are the layers of the Earth based on their compositions? A: crust (1%), mantle (67%), and core (33%) Q: What do seismographs measure? A: They measure the speed and intensity of earthquakes. Q: The mantle is composed of more of the element _____________________ than the crust. A: magnesium