Download It`s All Gr k to Me 700 BC to 145 BC

It’s All Gr
k to Me
_______________________
Section 1: City-States
• Polis – “___________________”
– Geographic & _________________________
– City was in the inner & farms on the outer
Acropolis
– Built on an Acropolis: fortified (___________)
limestone hill
Agora
• Bottom of hill was the _____________:
open marketplace
– Political & legal center, shops, ___________
_________________________
Running the City-States
• Own __________________________
• Contained 5,000 to 10,000 citizens
• Only _____________________________ could vote
– Citizens could vote, own property, and hold gov.
positions
• Polis gave them _________________________ and
civic & personal honor
Section 2: Sparta
• _________________ (nobles) took over gov.
– Led by 2 Kings who lead the army and conducted
religious services
• Aristocrats = _________________________
_________: passed laws & made
decisions about war
______: Public affairs and education
of the young
Council of Elders: suggested laws &
was high court
Helots and Perioeci
• Spartans believed in totalitarianism
– Gov. that uses force & power to rule
• Helots: _______________________
_____________________________
• ___________________: merchants and
artisans who lived in villages
– Neither enslaved ppl nor citizens
• Helots & Perioeci outnumber aristocrats
• Aristocrats trained for army & war
Spartan Way of Life
• Goal: to be militarily strong
– Did not believe in change b/c it would weaken way of life
• Newborns _____________________________
• Men
– At 7, sent to military camps to be educated & to train for fighting
• Strict Rules: silence, 1 piece of clothing, slept outdoors, measured
weight
– Expected to marry at 20 & Became hoplites
– ______________________________
• Women
–
–
–
–
–
Had more freedom then other women in Greece
Had public schooling – read & write
_______________________________
Loved sports such as wrestling & racing
Told men to come home w/ their shields
or on them
Section 3: Athens
• 750 B.C. – Set up an oligarchy
• 594 B.C. – ____________________________
– Made constitution: set of principles & rules for ruling
• Broke power of rich, established an assembly, offered
citizenship, and trade
• 508 – Spartans overthrown by Cleisthenes
– _________________________
Democratic Constitution
• _____________________
• Opened assembly
• Council of Five Hundred
– Handled daily business
– Chosen by lot
• ____________________
• At 18, took an oath of
citizenship
Daily Life in Athens
• _________________________________________
• Youth were to develop artistic and intellectual talents
• MEN
– _______________________________________
– Age 12: Phys. Ed. was most important
– Age 18 to 20: ___________________________
– Clothing: wool tunics or himation
– Hair: Short (young) & long (old)
– _______________________________
• Women
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Only did physical activities at festivals
_________________________________
Clothing: long wool or linen tunics
Hair: Long but pulled up in bun or pony tail
Marriages were arranged
_______________________________
Jobs: cook, weave, raise children
_______________________________________
• Homes
– Large, airy luxurious buildings made of mud brick
Persian Wars
• 545 B.C. – _________________________
• Ionians w/help from mainland Greece
revolted against the Persians
– __________________________
• Darius (Persian King) wanted to continue
to punish the Greeks
Battle of Marathon
• 490 B.C. – ____________________________________
– They then decided to sail to Athens
• Athenians decided to surprise attack the Persians
– _________________________________
– Athenians defeated the Persians
• Afraid that the Persians would still come to Athens after, Athenians
sent Pheidippides to tell them: “NIKE”
Battle of Thermopylae
• Athenians TRIREMES built
– __________________________________
• XERXES (New King of Persia) brings his large army
back to Northern Greece
• ________________________________________
• Met the Persians at the narrow pass
• For the first few days, the Greeks esp. the Spartans held off
the Persians
– While doing so, ___________________________
• A Greek traitor helped the Persians through the mountain
pass
– __________________________________
– 300 Spartans and 700 Greeks stayed to
fight to the bitter end
• 1 Spartan survived the war
• __________________________
__________________
• Persians _____________________
• Greek army went to Salamis & waited for
Persians
– Themistocles tricked the Persians
• Caused Persians _______________________
– Difficult: Too many ships & large ships
• ______________________________
_____________________
• XERXES went back to Persia
• ½ his army stayed in N. Greece
– They decided to go South
• ____________________________
Delian League &
______________
•DELIAN LEAGUE: protective group head-quartered on the
_______________________________
• Most city-states joined – Sparta did not
Effects of the
Delian League
in ___________
•Controlled ships
•Led gov.’s of other city-states
•Gained more power over others
in other ________
•Had a common navy
•Had to use Athenian money
•Controlled by Athens
•Disliked the Athenian power
Peloponnesian War
• 433 B.C. – Athens aligned themselves with
CORINTH, a Sparta ally
– Sparta accused Athens of aggression & threatened war
• 431 B.C. – War starts when Sparta allies attack
Athens’ ally
• 1st Phase – ___________________________
• 2nd Phase – NICIAS – a truce of 6 years
• 3rd Phase – Athens lost attack on Sicily
• Ended with a crushing defeat of Athens by Sparta
• Sparta set up ____________________________
– Athens was never again as strong even though they would
revolt and set up a democracy once again
Decline of City-States
1. ______________________________
2. ________________________
3. Harsh rule by the Spartans and then
Thebes