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The Circulatory System Function of the Circulatory System 1. Why do large organisms need a circulatory system? 2. What are the three components of the circulatory system? a) _______________________ b) _____________________ c) ________________________ 3. What is meant by the pulmonary circulation? 4. What is the systemic circulation? 5. Why is the human circulation referred to as a double circulation? 6. Match each heart structure with its description. Answer Structure Atria Ventricle Aorta Vena cava Septum Bicuspid valve Pulmonary vein Pericardium Pulmonary artery a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) Function pericardium The main vein returning blood to the heart. The muscle that divides the two sides of the heart. Valve between the atria and ventricle The main artery leaving the heart The top chambers of the heart carries blood to the lungs The bottom pumping chambers of the heart The only vein carrying oxygenated blood The Circulatory System. Name of circulatory pathway Side of the Heart involved Route Blood follows Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. What happens to the blood when it reaches the lungs? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Why is blood that enters the heart from the systemic circulation oxygen-poor? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about blood flow through the heart. a) Blood enters the heart through the right and left atria. b) Blood enters the heart through the right and left ventricles c) Blood flows from the ventricles to the atria. d) Blood flows out of the heart through the right and left atria e) Blood is prevented from flowing backwards through the heart by a series of valves. Each heart contraction begins in a small group of cardiac muscle cells called the __________________________ node. Cells that “set the pace” for the beating of the heart as a whole are also called the __________________________________ Heart muscle is made of specialized cells called __________________ muscle. On a diagram of the circulatory system red is used to represent _________________________ blood and blue is used to represent _________________________ blood. Types of Blood Vessels 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about arteries. a) Most carry oxygen – poor blood. c) They have thin walls. b) They can expand under pressure. d) The largest is the aorta. The smallest blood vessels found in the body are the _________________________ which are often only one cell thick. What work is done in the capillaries? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What keeps blood flowing towards the heart in the largest veins? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The force of the blood on the walls of the arteries is known as ___________________________. Is the following statement true or false? Blood pressure increases when the heart relaxes. ____________. Match each type of blood pressure with the force it measures. Type of pressure Force is measures ___________ 25. Systolic a) Force of the blood when the ventricles relax. ___________ 26. Diastolic b) Force of the blood when the ventricles contract.