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My Notes/ Teacher Notes Chapter 20, Lesson 1 THE STATES OF ITALY Italy is a collection of independent city-states. Why? Did not want to be ruled Catholic Church did not want a united Italy; no powerful ruler to control the Pope City-states were equal, but few were most important to the Renaissance Florence Venice Genoa Milan Rome Renaissance began in Italy; more money and power; built large fleets of ships and hired mercenaries; the city-states had so much wealth they would loan money to the kings of Europe. In return, they would leave them alone so they could continue to borrow money from them. Italy gained wealth through: 1) it’s geographic location 2) the Crusades 3) the Mongol conquests Marco Polo- Italian merchant: traveled to China to meet Kublai Khan: Marco dazzled Kublai Khan of his travel stories, so he hired him to go on fact-finding trips all over China- He then returned to Italy and wrote a book about China which encouraged trade with the Chinese Florence: A Renaissance City First major city of the Renaissance; wealth and location attracted many artists, sculptors, writers, and architects Florence Cathedral has a great dome: greatest architectural achievement of the time: built by Filippo Brunelleschi Gained wealth from banking: would loan money and charge interest: The Medici Family owned the largest bank in Florence during the 1400s Venice: A city of canals Another leading Renaissance city: built on many small islands; built canals instead of roads and used boats for transportation A NEW RULING CLASS Wealthy merchants and bankers formed a new kind of leadership; past: earned wealth from land: present; wealth from trade Old noble families moved to the cities and became urban nobles ; wealthy merchants adopted customs of the nobles; soon their children were marrying; these new families became the upper class of the city-states Who ruled Italian City-States Many city-states began as republics, but only artisans and merchants were citizens: Most city-states did have one main person in charge Venice: the duke or doge was the ruler: he officially ran the city but a council of wealthy merchants held the power: This council passed laws and elected the doge Florence: The Medici Family controlled the government for many years: Lorenzo de’ Medici controlled from 1469-1492: he used his wealth to support many artists, architects, and writers: Because of his support for the arts, he became known as Lorenzo the Magnificent Keeping the Peace Political affairs were complex: had to put down revolts from the poor; had to prevent other wealthy families from taking power; and keep good relations with neighboring city-states Diplomacy was developed at this time: art of making agreements with other countries. Niccolo Machiavelli tried to answer the question of how to keep peace in his book The Prince The Prince stated that rulers should: Do whatever necessary to keep power and protect its people Kill and lie if that’s what it takes