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CHAPTER 17
SECTION 1
(17 Slides)
1
RENAISSANCE BEGINS
Renaissance = rebirth (1350-1550)
began in Italy
center of Roman Empire
reminded them of their past
interest in art & learning
stressed importance of individual
expanded to Germany, France, and England
influenced by concept of humanism
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celebrated human achievement
became secular – more interested in
this world than
religion & getting
to heaven
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• by 1300’s Italy’s cities became wealthy
• could afford to pay painters, sculptors,
and architects
• region divided into city-states
• Florence, Venice, Genoa, Milan,
and Rome
• city-states competed with one another
• wealthy nobles & merchants wanted
fame
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• population becoming more urban
• resulted in more …
- people living in cities than
country
- more customers for artists
- money for art
- discussion & sharing ideas about art
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City-States
Florence
Venice
Genoa
Milan
Siena
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The Rise of Italy’s City-States

location increased trade
- ports allowed ships to dock
had many skilled artisans
 Crusades

- Italian merchants in contact with
Arab merchants

rise of Mongol Empire
- Asia united under one vast trade network
- encouraged trade and protected Silk Road
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Renaissance
Middle Ages

Scholars were attracted to
religious education and the
“hereafter”.

Medieval art and literature
tended to serve a specialized
interest and purpose.

Medieval artists, with their
focus on other worldliness and
on glorifying God, were more
humble and remained largely
anonymous.



People from various segments
of society—from kings and
nobles to merchants and
soldiers—studied classical
literature and art.
Renaissance works of art and
literature existed largely as
objects of ideal beauty and
learning.
Renaissance artists, valuing
glory and fame in this world,
signed their works.
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FLORENCE

most famous city during Renaissance
– located on Arno River
– produced many famous artists
– traded cloth, especially wool
– banking/Medici
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VENICE
wealthiest
 Marco Polo born here
 Venetians - great sailors & shipbuilders
 instead of paving roads, cut canals
through swampy islands
 long wooden poles driven into mud to
support the buildings

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urban noble – leadership of wealthy men
of Italian city-states
 European nobles wealth from land, not
trade
 republic – form of government where
leader is put into office by voting citizens

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Doge (or duke) – head of state in Venice
 at first – great power over council of
nobles
 lost power to small group of nobles

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MEDICI FAMILY
made fortune through banking
 powerful
 controlled government of Florence
 Lorenzo de Medici –

– ruled city for 23 years
– known as “the Magnificent”
– used his wealth to support artists, architects,
& writers
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POLITICS IN ITALY
complicated
 rulers

– kept poor from rebelling
– prevented wealthy people from seizing power
– made deals with merchants, bankers,
landlords, church leaders and mercenaries
(person who fights in an army for money)
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
diplomacy – art of negotiating or making
deals with other countries
– sent ambassadors
 lived in other city-states
 acted as representatives for their city
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NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
diplomat in Florence
 wrote The Prince
 claimed people were greedy and selfcentered
 argued, rulers should not try to be good
 instead, do whatever is necessary to keep
power and protect city
– including killing and lying

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